Financial Development, Governance, Environmental Pressure, and Health Expenditure: A Panel Analysis
金融発展、ガバナンス、環境圧力、および医療費：パネル分析 (AI 翻訳)
Qamruzzaman M, Amir MT, Alomair A, Alomair M
🤖 gxceed AI 要約
日本語
本研究は1995年から2023年の中所得国を対象に、産業化、二酸化炭素排出、外国直接投資、金融発展、貿易開放度、再生可能エネルギーが医療費に与える影響をパネル計量手法で分析。結果、二酸化炭素排出が医療費を最も強く押し上げ、再生可能エネルギーは医療費を削減することを示した。環境悪化と持続不可能な成長が疾病負担を増大させ、医療システムに圧力をかける。
English
This study analyzes the impact of industrialization, carbon emissions, FDI, financial development, trade openness, and renewable energy on health expenditure in middle-income countries from 1995 to 2023 using panel econometrics. Carbon emissions have the strongest upward effect, while renewable energy reduces health expenditure. Environmental degradation increases disease burden and healthcare costs.
Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.
📝 gxceed 編集解説 — Why this matters
日本のGX文脈において
日本のGX政策では、環境規制の強化や再生可能エネルギー導入が医療費削減にも寄与する可能性を示唆する点で参考になる。ただし、日本特有の文脈ではなく中所得国を対象としている。
In the global GX context
This paper provides empirical evidence linking environmental degradation to healthcare costs, reinforcing the economic rationale for decarbonization policies globally. It supports arguments for integrating health co-benefits into climate policy cost-benefit analyses.
👥 読者別の含意
🔬研究者:Researchers can use the panel methods and findings on carbon emissions' healthcare cost impact to further study environmental-health linkages.
🏛政策担当者:Policymakers can leverage the evidence that reducing carbon emissions and promoting renewables lower long-term healthcare expenditures.
📄 Abstract（原文）
<h4>Background: </h4> Rising health expenditure has become a major policy concern in middle-income countries, where industrial expansion, financial development, trade integration, and environmental stress increasingly shape healthcare demand and cost. Objective This study investigates how industrialization, carbon emissions, foreign direct investment, financial development, trade openness, and renewable energy affect health expenditure in lower-middle- and upper-middle-income countries from 1995 to 2023. Methods The study applies panel econometric techniques that account for cross-sectional dependence, slope heterogeneity, endogeneity, and long-run asymmetry. Long-run relationships are estimated through Dynamic Common Effects and instrumental-variable Dynamic Common Effects models. Asymmetric effects are examined using a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag framework. Results The findings show that industrialisation, foreign direct investment, carbon emissions, financial development, and trade openness increase health expenditure. Renewable energy reduces health expenditure. Among all explanatory factors, carbon emissions produce the strongest upward effect on healthcare costs. The results remain consistent across alternative estimators. Health and Social Implication: The findings indicate that environmental degradation and unsustainable growth patterns intensify disease burden, increase pressure on health systems, and raise both public and household medical spending. These effects can deepen social inequality by imposing higher costs on vulnerable groups. The evidence suggests that cleaner energy adoption, stronger environmental regulation, and sustainability-oriented financial and governance frameworks can help reduce long-run healthcare costs while improving public health and social welfare.
🔗 Provenance — このレコードを発見したソース
- Research Square https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.177010.3first seen 2026-05-14 21:23:42
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