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Restoring Soil Organic Matter and Ecological Functioning in Agroecosystems Relative to Forests

森林に対する農生態系における土壌有機物と生態機能の回復 (AI 翻訳)

Ana Gunther

Open MINDジャーナル2026-05-01#気候科学
DOI: 10.7302/29033
原典: https://doi.org/10.7302/29033

🤖 gxceed AI 要約

日本語

農生態系の土壌炭素貯留を森林と比較し、耕作地では総炭素量が26%減少していることを明らかにした。特に中間的な分解速度の有機物画分が大幅に減少し、粗放的農業管理や多年生飼料作物（アルファルファ）の導入によりこれらの画分が回復し、窒素無機化が向上した。鉱物結合有機物は管理の影響を受けず、土性にのみ依存した。この結果は、土壌の健康と生態機能の回復を通じて、肥料投入削減と気候変動適応に貢献できることを示唆している。

English

This study compares total carbon stocks in agricultural soils to nearby forests, finding a 26% depletion in croplands, mainly in fast-cycling organic matter fractions. Reduced management intensity and inclusion of perennial forage (alfalfa) restored these fractions and improved nitrogen availability, while mineral-associated organic matter remained unchanged. The results suggest that agroecological management can enhance nutrient cycling and reduce fertilizer needs, contributing to climate mitigation and adaptation.

Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.

📝 gxceed 編集解説 — Why this matters

日本のGX文脈において

日本の農業は2030年までの農地炭素貯留目標を掲げており、本論文の土壌有機物画分別の分析は、効果的な炭素貯留手法の選択に示唆を与える。森林との比較により、日本の土地利用転換における炭素減少の程度を評価する参考になる。

In the global GX context

This paper provides empirical evidence that agroecological practices can restore soil organic matter fractions critical for nutrient cycling and carbon storage, supporting nature-based climate solutions. It adds granularity to the global discussion on soil carbon sequestration potential in agricultural systems, which is relevant for national greenhouse gas inventories and carbon offset markets.

👥 読者別の含意

🔬研究者:Soil ecologists and agronomists can use the fraction-specific findings to design management strategies that optimize carbon and nitrogen cycling.

🏢実務担当者:Farmers and agricultural advisors can adopt reduced-intensity practices and perennial forages to improve soil health and reduce fertilizer costs.

🏛政策担当者:Agricultural and climate policymakers can reference this study when designing subsidies or carbon credit programs that reward improved soil organic matter management.

📄 Abstract（原文）

To make the food system more sustainable, agricultural management should focus on enhancing multiple ecosystem functions (e.g. nitrogen (N) availability and carbon (C) storage) that help mitigate and adapt to climate change. I compared total C stocks and soil organic matter (SOM) fractions on working farms to site-specific reference forests to understand the potential for improved multifunctionality of restoring microbial biomass (MB), particulate organic matter (POM), and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM). Sampling farms with a gradient of management practices, I aimed to determine how farm management impacted SOM fractions and ecological functioning. On average, total C stocks to 60 cm were 26% depleted in crop fields compared to forests, with the greatest differences in the top 10 cm of soil. At the surface, the intermediate-cycling SOM fractions (free POM and occluded POM) were most depleted (-62% and -65%). Among crop fields, reduced management intensity was correlated with higher MB-C, MB-N, and occluded POM-N. Building these pools resulted in greater N-mineralization rates, indicating restoration of soil health and ecological functioning. Fields that included alfalfa, a perennial forage crop, significantly restored SOM relative to cropping systems with only annual row crops. Agricultural management did not affect MAOM, which was only correlated with soil texture. Overall, agroecological management in row crop agriculture improved C and N in fastand intermediate-cycling fractions, which led to improved nutrient cycling without a detectable impact on stable soil organic C storage. Improving N availability is an opportunity to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions via reduced fertilizer inputs from agriculture and adapt to climate change by improving agroecosystem resilience.

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