Carbon capture using chemical absorption: Absorbent intergenerational evolution, process innovation, and large-scale application

Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.

🔬研究者:Comprehensive review of chemical absorption, useful for mapping research gaps and future directions.

🏢実務担当者:Provides an overview of technology readiness, costs, and remaining barriers for CCUS project planning.

🏛政策担当者:Informs about technological maturity and cost trajectories, aiding in the design of support mechanisms.

Carbon capture via chemical absorption is critical for carbon neutrality but faces deployment barriers including high-energy consumption, high cost, and insufficient system integration. This review establishes a three-dimensional review framework including absorbent intergenerational evolution, process integration, and industrial demonstration application, systematically sorting out the evolution process, current state and challenges, and future breakthrough paths for carbon capture technology. Regeneration energy consumption of three absorbent generations has decreased gradually from 3.0 to 4.0 GJ/t CO2 to around 2.0 GJ/t CO2, nearing practical limits. Yet, regeneration temperatures remain >393 K, indicating significant optimization potential. Balancing the comprehensive problems of further energy consumption reduction, high desorption temperature, high viscosity (>100 mPa·s), and complex degradation paths remains challenging. Carbon capture process optimization achieves 10%–20% system energy savings, but misalignment persists between absorbent and process development. In future, developments in absorbent research and process innovation should be matched, and the process innovation of solvent low-temperature regeneration with waste heat and renewable energy should be emphasized. Moreover, advanced CO2 regeneration methods are recommended for further energy efficiency enhancement including cascade integration of low-grade thermal energy, co-regeneration driven by light and electricity, and in situ capture and catalytic conversion. Engineering challenges include efficiency penalties, costs (35$–70$/t CO2), corrosion, insufficient system integration, and lagging development of demonstration projects. Accelerating the third-generation absorbent demonstrations and intelligent system controls is essential. More research should be emphasized about energy storage and peak shaving role of carbon capture, utilization, and storage, and the intelligent and flexible operation. The framework identifies pathways to overcome key constraints and develop advanced carbon capture technology.

• semanticscholar https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2025.101250first seen 2026-05-05 23:31:50