Quantifying Invisible Losses: Greenhouse Gas Budgets from Three Timber Harvesting Systems and Nine-Year Recovery of Compacted Skid Trails
目に見えない損失の定量化：3つの木材収穫システムからの温室効果ガス収支と圧密されたスキッドトレイルの9年間の回復 (AI 翻訳)
Armin Malli, Maximilian Behringer, Karl Gartner, Klaus Katzensteiner, Matthias Schlögl, Barbara Kitzler
🤖 gxceed AI 要約
日本語
本研究はオーストリアのフリッシュ帯において、3つの異なる木材収穫システム（トラック式ハーベスタ・フォワーダ、非トラック式、手伐りケーブルヤーダ）が土壌からの温室効果ガス（CO2、CH4、N2O）フラックスに与える影響を比較した。地上ベースの収穫システムではN2O排出が対照区の3倍以上に増加し、CH4吸収は大幅に減少した。また、9年後の追跡調査でも、スキッドトレイルのGHGフラックスは回復せず、異なる状態で安定していることが示された。
English
This study compares the effects of three timber harvesting systems on soil greenhouse gas fluxes in Austria's Flysch zone. Ground-based systems increased N2O emissions more than threefold compared to controls, while CH4 uptake was severely reduced. Long-term monitoring (9 years) showed persistent alterations in GHG fluxes on skid trails, with no recovery to pre-disturbance conditions.
Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.
📝 gxceed 編集解説 — Why this matters
日本のGX文脈において
日本の林業においても、土壌圧密によるGHG排出増加は重要な課題である。特に、カーボンクレジットや森林吸収源評価の観点から、収穫方法の選択がGHG収支に与える影響を考慮する必要がある。
In the global GX context
This study provides empirical evidence on how forest management practices affect soil GHG budgets, relevant for land-use sector emissions reporting under national inventories and carbon offset projects. It highlights the need to account for harvesting-induced soil disturbances in climate mitigation strategies.
👥 読者別の含意
🔬研究者:Forest scientists can use these results to refine models of post-harvest GHG fluxes and recovery trajectories.
🏢実務担当者:Forest managers may consider these findings when selecting harvesting systems to minimize long-term GHG impacts.
🏛政策担当者:Policymakers developing forestry carbon accounting rules should note the persistent GHG alterations from skid trails.
📄 Abstract（原文）
Background: Forest soils in Austria's Flysch zone are highly productive but susceptible to compaction from mechanized timber harvesting. Soil compaction alters soil structure, porosity, aeration, and greenhouse gas (GHG) dynamics.Objectives: This study compared the effects of different timber harvesting systems on soil GHG fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) and quantified recovery following soil disturbance.Methods: At the Steinplattl experimental site (Klausen-Leopoldsdorf, Austria), we performed a controlled before-after study in a thinned beech stand using three harvesting systems: tracked harvester and forwarder (H+), non-tracked harvester and forwarder with tracks on uphill axles only (H-), and manual felling with cable yarding (MC). From 2022-2024, we measured soil GHG fluxes tri-weekly in treatment plots (H+, H-, MC) and uncompacted control plots (C) using closed-chamber technique. Random forest models trained on environmental predictors (soil temperature, moisture, precipitation) were used to generate daily soil GHG flux predictions for calculating GHG budgets per hectare for each treatment over 435 days post-harvest (March 10, 2023 to June 17, 2024). Additionally, we assessed long-term recovery using 24-hour soil GHG monitoring (six chambers per treatment, 5-minute measurement cycles) at skid trails from non-tracked operations (H16) in a 2016 thinning and adjacent uncompacted forest soil (C16).Results: Ground-based harvesting substantially altered all three soil GHG fluxes, while cable yarding effects varied by GHG. Cumulative N2O budgets in ground-based systems (H+ and H-) were more than 3-fold higher than controls, with peak emissions comparable to fertilized cropland. MC showed intermediate N2O fluxes with emission peaks occurring primarily after rainfall events. Soil CH4 uptake was severely reduced in all treatments, with H+, H-, and MC showing 94%, 89%, and 51% reductions compared to C, respectively. CO2-equivalent budgets revealed that H+ generated the highest climate impact (~77 t CO2-eq ha-1), 32% above controls, though high spatial variability precluded statistical significance. Long-term monitoring revealed that 9 years after trafficking, H16 skid trails showed persistent GHG alterations compared to C16. N2O emissions remained elevated with episodic hot moments after rainfall, CH4 uptake remained reduced under dry conditions but approached zero during wet periods, and CO2 emissions remained elevated.Conclusions: Compared to H-, H+ systems mitigate soil physical impacts but generate elevated GHG emissions. MC minimizes disturbance but exhibits high N2O emission potential after rainfall. Effects on soil GHG dynamics were most pronounced for H+ and H- during the first post-harvest year. However, even after 9 years, skid trails did not recover to pre-disturbance conditions but rather stabilized in an altered state, characterized by a persistent vegetation shift from beech understory to graminoid-dominated communities and thicker litter layers accumulating in wheel track ruts. These changes resulted in elevated CO2 emissions in H16, while CH4 uptake rates remained reduced and episodic N2O hot moments continued during periods of high soil moisture and temperature. Our results emphasize the importance of permanent skid trail networks and site-adapted technology selection for sustainable forest management on compaction-susceptible soils.
🔗 Provenance — このレコードを発見したソース
- crossref https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu26-5533first seen 2026-05-14 23:00:41
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