Gobernanza Minera por Pares: propuesta para un sistema SNMPE–ICMM de regulación preventiva del desempeño social, ambiental y operacional

Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.

🔬研究者:Provides a novel institutional design linking governance theory, industry self-regulation, and social license, with potential for comparative studies across mining jurisdictions.

🏢実務担当者:Mining companies and industry associations can use the peer-review architecture to enhance trust, anticipate conflicts, and demonstrate proactive ESG management.

🏛政策担当者:Peruvian regulators and international bodies can assess this model as a complementary layer to existing certification and state oversight, especially for conflict-prone contexts.

Abstract Contemporary mining operates under increasing social, environmental, financial, and reputational scrutiny.While the global energy transition is intensifying demand for critical minerals, mining operations continue to face territorial conflicts, water-related disputes, human rights due diligence requirements, ESG investor pressure, tailings risks, declining trust, and challenges to their social licence to operate. In this context, state regulation remains indispensable, but it is often insufficient to anticipate relational deterioration, latent social conflict, environmental management gaps, or operational weaknesses before they escalate into crises. Corporate self-regulation, although valuable, may also lack external legitimacy when it is not supported by independent verification, social participation, transparency, and reputational consequences. This research-proposal paper argues for the creation of a peer-based mining governance system in Peru, led by the National Society of Mining, Petroleum and Energy (SNMPE) and internationally aligned with the International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM). The proposed model does not seek to replace state regulation or duplicate existing certification schemes such as IRMA, Towards Sustainable Mining (TSM), Copper Mark, or the Global Industry Standard on Tailings Management (GISTM). Rather, it proposes a complementary layer of preventive governance based on common standards, cross-company peer review, independent assurance, stakeholder participation, public reporting, sector-wide learning, and early-warning mechanisms. The central argument is that the Peruvian mining sector requires an institutional architecture capable of acting before social risk becomes open conflict, before environmental gaps become regulatory sanctions or reputational damage, and before operational weaknesses result in serious accidents. Drawing on the nuclear industry’s experience with peer review systems such as WANO (World Association of Nuclear Operators) and OSART (Operational Safety Review Team), the paper contends that high-risk industries can develop collective mechanisms for operational learning, reputational discipline, and continuous improvement. Although the global mining sector already possesses advanced standards, it still lacks an integrated peer-governance architecture, particularly in the social, relational, and territorial dimensions of mining performance. The proposed SNMPE–ICMM model would allow Peru to move from a reactive, fragmented, and legalistic approach toward a preventive, technical, reputational, and territorially legitimate governance framework. Its value lies in connecting legal compliance, sustainability, social licence, operational safety, due diligence, responsible investment, and continuous improvement within a verifiable institutional system. If implemented with independence, transparency, stakeholder participation, and real consequences, peer-based mining governance could become a strategic tool for reducing conflict, strengthening trust, improving environmental and operational performance, and positioning Peru as a leading jurisdiction for responsible mining. Resumen ejecutivo La minería contemporánea opera en un contexto de creciente exigencia social, ambiental, financiera y reputacional. La transición energética incrementa la demanda de minerales críticos, pero, simultáneamente, las operaciones mineras enfrentan conflictos territoriales, cuestionamientos por el uso del agua, exigencias de debida diligencia en derechos humanos, presión de inversionistas ESG, riesgos de relaves, brechas de confianza y pérdida de licencia social para operar. Este documento plantea una propuesta de investigación aplicada y diseño institucional: crear en el Perú un sistema de gobernanza minera por pares, liderado por la Sociedad Nacional de Minería, Petróleo y Energía (SNMPE), y alineado internacionalmente con el International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM). La propuesta no busca reemplazar al Estado ni duplicar certificaciones como IRMA, Towards Sustainable Mining (TSM), Copper Mark o el Global Industry Standard on Tailings Management (GISTM). Su finalidad es construir una capa complementaria de regulación preventiva, basada en estándares comunes, revisión cruzada entre empresas, auditoría independiente, participación de actores sociales, transparencia pública, aprendizaje sectorial y mecanismos de alerta temprana. El argumento principal es que la minería peruana requiere una arquitectura institucional capaz de actuar antes de que el riesgo social se transforme en conflicto, antes de que la brecha ambiental se convierta en sanción o daño reputacional, y antes de que la debilidad operacional derive en accidente grave. La experiencia de la industria nuclear, especialmente a través de la World Association of Nuclear Operators (WANO) y el Operational Safety Review Team (OSART), demuestra que los sectores de alto riesgo pueden organizar sistemas de revisión por pares, aprendizaje continuo y presión reputacional. La propuesta SNMPE–ICMM permitiría posicionar al Perú como una jurisdicción minera capaz de pasar de un modelo reactivo, fragmentado y legalista hacia uno preventivo, técnico, reputacional y territorialmente legitimado. Su valor radica en articular cumplimiento legal, sostenibilidad, licencia social, seguridad operacional, debida diligencia, inversión responsable y mejora continua bajo un sistema institucional verificable.

• openalex https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19973123first seen 2026-05-18 04:47:46 · last seen 2026-05-20 04:52:15