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COMPARATIVE CARBON FOOTPRINT ASSESSMENT OF PALM KERNEL SHELL CONCRETE AND CONVENTIONAL GRANITE CONCRETE

パーム核殻コンクリートと従来の花崗岩コンクリートの比較カーボンフットプリント評価 (AI 翻訳)

CASIRMEDIA

Zenodoプレプリント2026-06-30#炭素会計経営インパクト: コスト削減対象セクター: construction
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21066713
原典: https://zenodo.org/records/21066713
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🤖 gxceed AI 要約

日本語

パーム核殻(PKS)を骨材に用いたコンクリート(PKSC)のゆりかごからゲートまでのLCAを実施し、通常コンクリート(NWC)と比較。PKSCは30–36%の炭素削減を示すが、強度が低いため単位強度当たりの排出量はNWCより高い。セメントが排出の85%以上を占め、輸送距離の影響も線形に増加する。PKS利用は廃棄物価値化と中程度の削減に寄与するが、本格的な脱炭素にはセメント代替や混合最適化が必要。

English

This study conducts a cradle-to-gate LCA comparing Palm Kernel Shell Concrete (PKSC) to Normal Weight Concrete (NWC). PKSC achieves 30-36% carbon reduction but has higher strength-normalized emissions due to lower compressive/flexural strength. Cement accounts for over 85% of total embodied carbon. Sensitivity analysis shows transport distance linearly increases emissions. While PKS aggregate contributes to waste valorization, deep decarbonization requires cement substitution and mix optimization.

Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.

📝 gxceed 編集解説 — Why this matters

日本のGX文脈において

日本では、建設分野の脱炭素化が急務となり、国産バイオマス骨材（竹など）の研究が進む。本論文のLCA手法や強度正規化排出原単位の考え方は、国内の建設材料評価に応用でき、特に再生骨材や低炭素コンクリートの環境性能評価に示唆を与える。

In the global GX context

This paper provides a rigorous LCA framework for evaluating agricultural by-products in concrete, relevant to global construction decarbonization and waste valorization. The strength-normalized carbon intensity metric is useful for performance-based comparisons, and the sensitivity analysis highlights logistical considerations for low-carbon concrete adoption worldwide.

👥 読者別の含意

🔬研究者:LCA methodology comparing alternative aggregates with strength-normalized emissions; valuable for building embodied carbon databases.

🏢実務担当者:PKSC reduces carbon footprint by ~30% and uses waste material; suitable for non-structural applications or where high strength is not critical.

🏛政策担当者:Highlights that waste valorization alone is insufficient; policies should incentivize cement replacement and mix optimization for deeper decarbonization.

📄 Abstract（原文）

ABSTRACT The increasing demand for environmentally sustainable construction materials necessitates the evaluation of embodied carbon in conventional concrete systems. This study presents a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) comparing the carbon footprint of Palm Kernel Shell Concrete (PKSC) and Normal Weight Concrete (NWC). Palm kernel shell (PKS), an agricultural by-product, was used as a full replacement for granite coarse aggregate in a 1:2:4 mix with a water–cement ratio of 0.65. Embodied carbon emissions were quantified per cubic metre of concrete and further normalised against compressive and flexural strengths to evaluate performance-based environmental efficiency. Results indicate that PKSC achieved a carbon reduction of approximately 30–36% compared to NWC across curing ages. However, strength-normalised carbon intensity values revealed that PKSC exhibited higher emissions per MPa due to its lower compressive and flexural strengths. Material contribution analysis showed that cement accounted for over 85% of total embodied carbon, confirming that binder production remains the dominant emission source. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that transport distance increases total emissions linearly, with lightweight PKSC maintaining environmental advantages due to reduced mass. The findings suggest that while PKS aggregate contributes to waste valorisation and moderate carbon reduction, substantial decarbonisation requires integrated strategies targeting cement replacement and mix optimisation.

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