Rare Earth Elements in the Energy Transition: A Review of the Demand-Sustainability-Risk Nexus and Future Perspectives
エネルギー転換におけるレアアース元素：需要・持続可能性・リスクの連関と将来展望のレビュー (AI 翻訳)
Victor Osvaldo Vega-Muratalla, Luis Fernando Lira‐Barragán, César Ramírez-Márquez, Mahmoud M. El‐Halwagi, José María Ponce-Ortega
🤖 gxceed AI 要約
日本語
本レビューはレアアース元素（REE）を巡る需要、環境持続可能性、地政学的リスクの連関（DSR-Nexus）を体系的に分析。中国の鉱業・精製における圧倒的シェアが供給脆弱性を生む一方、リサイクルや代替材料の可能性を議論。エネルギー転換の強靱性には国際協力と循環戦略が不可欠と結論。
English
This review systematically analyzes the Demand-Sustainability-Risk Nexus for Rare Earth Elements (REEs) critical to the energy transition. It highlights China's dominance in mining and refining as a structural vulnerability, while examining recycling, urban mining, and substitution as mitigation strategies. The paper concludes that a resilient transition requires supply diversification and international cooperation.
Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.
📝 gxceed 編集解説 — Why this matters
日本のGX文脈において
日本はREEのほぼ全量を輸入に依存しており、中国への依存度が特に高い。本レビューは日本のレアアース戦略（備蓄・リサイクル・代替材料開発）の重要性を裏付けるとともに、グローバルサプライチェーンの多角化が喫緊の課題であることを示す。
In the global GX context
This review underscores the geopolitical supply risks of REEs, which are essential for wind turbines, EVs, and other clean technologies. It provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the trade-offs between demand growth, environmental costs (e.g., radioactive waste), and supply concentration, informing global policies on critical mineral security.
👥 読者別の含意
🔬研究者:Provides a structured Nexus framework and systematic review of REE literature, highlighting research gaps in supply chain and geopolitics.
🏢実務担当者:Highlights supply chain vulnerabilities and mitigation strategies (recycling, substitution) that companies should integrate into procurement and sustainability planning.
🏛政策担当者:Emphasizes the need for international cooperation, diversification of REE sources, and investment in circular economy to secure energy transition goals.
📄 Abstract（原文）
The global transition toward renewable energy and decarbonization is intrinsically linked to the management of critical materials. Rare Earth Elements (REEs) are no exception, as they play a strategic role at the center of climate goals. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive assessment of the REE landscape, explicitly addressing the proposed Demand-Sustainability-Risk Nexus (DSR-Nexus), which integrates technological demand, environmental sustainability, and geopolitical supply risks. A systematic review based on PRISMA methodology was conducted to analyze scientific contributions published between 2015 and 2026, revealing a significant research imbalance. By 2025, while 87% of works focus on resource availability, production, and recycling, only 1.4% address the global supply chain and its geopolitical implications. Key findings highlight that China’s dominance in mining, processing, and refining capacities, accounting for 69.5%, 92%, and 94%, respectively, creates structural vulnerabilities for future environmental goals. In contrast, emerging producers such as Malaysia and the United States are expected to contribute 9% and 8% of refining capacity, respectively. Furthermore, this review discusses environmental trade-offs, including high energy intensity, water consumption, and radioactive byproducts. It also examines mitigation strategies, such as recycling, urban mining, and material substitution. Ultimately, achieving a resilient energy transition requires expanding supply, strengthening circular strategies, and international cooperation.
🔗 Provenance — このレコードを発見したソース
- openalex https://doi.org/10.3390/eng7050211first seen 2026-05-21 04:32:38
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