From Fragmented ESG Priorities to Disclosure: The Role of R&D Intensity and Board Characteristics

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🔬研究者:The U-shaped relationship and mediation by R&D intensity provide new angles for studying corporate disclosure behavior and the micro-foundations of ESG reporting.

🏢実務担当者:Corporate sustainability teams should monitor ESG pillar balance and consider board composition to optimize disclosure strategy and stakeholder trust.

🏛政策担当者:Regulators should note that disclosure quantity may be driven by extremes in ESG balance, calling for guidance on balanced reporting rather than just aggregate metrics.

ABSTRACT As Environmental (E), Social (S), and Governance (G) disclosures gain prominence for investors, regulators, and stakeholders, attention must extend beyond disclosure volume to the balance across ESG dimensions. Many firms emphasize one or two pillars over others, producing asymmetries in sustainability communication, which we term ESG dispersion. These imbalances can create confusion for stakeholders and impact investor trust. While prior research focuses largely on board‐level antecedents of aggregate ESG disclosure, the consequences of such internal imbalances remain underexplored. Drawing on signaling, institutional, and resource‐based perspectives, we examine how ESG dispersion is associated with overall ESG disclosure using panel data from S&P 500 firms (2016–2022). We find a U‐shaped relationship: firms with low or high dispersion disclose more, whereas moderate dispersion reduces disclosure intensity. This non‐linearity could be because low dispersion signals uniformity and clarity, while moderate dispersion could create ambiguity and coordination challenges, and high dispersion may motivate firms to strategically highlight key ESG strengths. R&D intensity partially mediates this effect, highlighting the role of internal innovation in translating ESG priorities into disclosure. Governance conditions moderate this association in their own ways: board women representation dampens the relationship, reducing the sensitivity of disclosure intensity to extreme ESG balance or concentration. While CEO duality has no significant impact. These findings carry societal and managerial implications, linking internal ESG alignment and governance to transparency, stakeholder trust, and corporate accountability. Managers should also monitor the alignment between the individual E, S, G pillars, besides the aggregate ESG disclosures, and consider governance structures in this context.

• crossref https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.70874first seen 2026-05-14 23:50:14