Life Cycle Assessment of 3D Concrete Printed Buildings: A Review of Methodologies, Standards and EPBD Compliance
3Dコンクリートプリント建築のライフサイクルアセスメント：方法論、基準、EPBDコンプライアンスのレビュー (AI 翻訳)
Daniel Harris, Suleman Ayub Khan, Swathi Balasubramanian, M. Alqedra, Mehran Khan, C. McNally
🤖 gxceed AI 要約
日本語
本レビューは、3Dコンクリートプリンティング（3DCP）建築物に対するライフサイクルアセスメント（LCA）手法を評価し、EPBD（建築物のエネルギー性能指令）の改正に伴う全ライフサイクル温暖化係数（GWP）の算定要件への適合性を検討した。ほとんどの既存研究は素材・部材レベルに留まり、建築物全体のcradle-to-grave評価は不足している。3DCP固有のLCA手法の開発と、信頼性の高い環境ベンチマーキングが急務である。
English
This review evaluates Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodologies for 3D concrete printed (3DCP) buildings and their alignment with the revised Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), which requires whole-life Global Warming Potential (GWP) calculation. Most existing studies focus on materials or components, lacking whole-building cradle-to-grave assessments. There is an urgent need for 3DCP-specific LCA methods and reliable environmental benchmarking to support regulatory compliance and technology adoption.
Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.
📝 gxceed 編集解説 — Why this matters
日本のGX文脈において
日本でも建築物のライフサイクル炭素評価が注目されており、本レビューはEPBDのような規制対応型LCA手法の設計に示唆を与える。特に3DCPのような新工法において、全ライフサイクルにわたるGWP算定の課題と方法論的ギャップを整理しており、日本の建設業界におけるカーボンニュートラル戦略の参考となる。
In the global GX context
The revised EPBD introduces mandatory whole-life carbon assessments for new buildings, creating a regulatory framework that many countries are considering. This review highlights the methodological gaps in applying LCA to emerging construction technologies like 3DCP, which is critical for ensuring that innovative buildings can demonstrate compliance and contribute to decarbonization goals globally.
👥 読者別の含意
🔬研究者:This review identifies key gaps in LCA methodology for 3DCP, including system boundaries, functional units, and end-of-life scenarios, guiding future research toward EPBD-compliant assessments.
🏢実務担当者:Companies adopting 3DCP should be aware that current LCA studies may not meet EPBD whole-life carbon requirements, necessitating development of tailored assessment protocols.
🏛政策担当者:The paper underscores the need for regulatory bodies to provide specific LCA guidance for innovative construction technologies to ensure consistent and comparable carbon reporting.
📄 Abstract（原文）
3D concrete printing (3DCP) is an emerging modern method of construction with potential to improve construction efficiency, reduce labour requirements, and support the delivery of sustainable housing. In Ireland, its recent adoption coincides with increasing policy emphasis on modern methods of construction and the introduction of stricter European requirements for assessing the climate impact of buildings. The recast Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) introduces progressive requirements for the calculation and reporting of whole-life Global Warming Potential (GWP) for new buildings, creating a need for Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodologies aligned with current regulatory requirements and capable of capturing the specific characteristics of emerging construction technologies. This paper reviews the applicability of the EPBD, EN 15978, EN 15804, Level(s), and relevant Irish methodologies to 3DCP buildings. It also examines existing LCA studies on 3DCP and evaluates their methodological scope, system boundaries, functional units, data sources, and alignment with current regulatory requirements. The review shows that most existing 3DCP LCA studies remain focused on materials, components, or limited life-cycle stages, with cradle-to-gate assessments being particularly common. Consequently, many published studies do not fully align with the whole-building, cradle-to-grave assessment framework introduced under the revised EPBD.. The review also identifies a lack of LCA methodologies specifically tailored to 3DCP buildings, particularly in relation to printable material design, construction-process energy consumption, material efficiency, reinforcement strategy, durability, maintenance, and end-of-life scenarios. These gaps limit the comparability and regulatory relevance of current sustainability assessments. The paper concludes that EPBD-compliant whole-life carbon assessments of complete 3DCP buildings are urgently needed, alongside the development of 3DCP-specific methodological guidance and data to support reliable environmental benchmarking and wider adoption of the technology in Ireland and Europe.
🔗 Provenance — このレコードを発見したソース
- semanticscholar https://www.mdpi.com/2504-477X/10/7/367/pdf?version=1783598590first seen 2026-07-13 07:22:16
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