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Greenwashing in Sustainability Disclosures: A Systematic Review of Manifestations, Measurement, and Corporate Finance Implications

サステナビリティ開示におけるグリーンウォッシング:その現れ方、測定方法、およびコーポレートファイナンスへの影響に関する系統的レビュー (AI 翻訳)

Amjad Ali, Jairaj Gupta, Emad Elkhashen

Crossrefプレプリント2026-01-01#ESG経営インパクト: 資金調達
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.6080506
原典: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6080506

🤖 gxceed AI 要約

日本語

本論文は、サステナビリティ開示におけるグリーンウォッシングに関する文献を体系的にレビューし、14の具体的な現れ方(開示操作、ESG報告におけるシンボルと実質の乖離、戦略的開示など)を特定した。また、これらの測定方法とコーポレートファイナンスへの影響を評価し、今後の研究の方向性を示している。

English

This systematic review identifies 14 manifestations of greenwashing in sustainability disclosures, including disclosure manipulation, decoupling between symbol and substance, and strategic disclosure. It evaluates direct measurement approaches and their implications for corporate finance, highlighting gaps in the literature.

Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.

📝 gxceed 編集解説 — Why this matters

日本のGX文脈において

日本ではSSBJ基準や有報でのサステナビリティ開示が進む中、グリーンウォッシングへの注目が高まっている。本レビューは、開示実務における注意点と測定手法の整理に役立つ。

In the global GX context

Globally, with the rise of ISSB standards and regulatory scrutiny (e.g., SEC, EU CSRD), greenwashing has become a key concern. This review provides a comprehensive typology and measurement overview for researchers and practitioners.

👥 読者別の含意

🔬研究者:Provides a systematic typology and measurement review that can guide future research on greenwashing in disclosure contexts.

🏢実務担当者:Offers a framework to identify and avoid greenwashing in corporate sustainability reporting.

🏛政策担当者:Highlights the need for clear regulatory thresholds and measurement standards for greenwashing detection.

📄 Abstract(原文)

The evolution of sustainability reporting frameworks reflects a gradual shift from traditional financial and management accounting toward hybrid accounting frameworks intended to enhance organisations' transparency and accountability in environmental, social, and governance (ESG) activities. Alongside these developments, concerns have emerged regarding ESG/CSR washing-commonly referred to as greenwashing-where firms mislead stakeholders through inflated, selective, or symbolic ESG disclosures. Despite a large and growing body of research, inconsistencies remain in both the conceptualisation and measurement of greenwashing, as well as in the interpretation of its implications for accounting and finance. In response, this study systematically reviews the greenwashing literature within the sustainability disclosure framework and shows that greenwashing manifests through disclosure manipulation, decoupling between symbol and substance in ESG reporting, strategic disclosure, and strategic partnerships, identifying fourteen unique manifestations. We examine how these typologies are operationalised in prior research using either direct firm-level measures or inferred relationships across variables. We then evaluate the decision usefulness of the identified direct measures and their implications for corporate finance research. Finally, we outline directions for future research to clarify the continuum, intent, extent, and thresholds of greenwashing, and highlight the corporate finance themes for which evidence remains limited.

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