Carbon and water footprint of coffee consumed in Finland—life cycle assessment

Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.

🔬研究者:Provides comprehensive LCA data for coffee, highlighting cultivation-stage hotspots and trade-offs between carbon and water impacts.

🏢実務担当者:Useful for coffee companies to identify supply chain hotspots and prioritize mitigation actions in sourcing and production.

🏛政策担当者:Informs agricultural policy on reducing GHG emissions and water use in coffee cultivation, especially in exporting countries.

Abstract Purpose Coffee is one of the most widely grown cash crops globally, but there are few scientific articles on its carbon footprint and water scarcity impacts. The aim of this study was to assess the carbon footprint and water scarcity impacts throughout the life cycle of the coffee chain (cradle-to-grave) and to identify the most important sources of the impacts (hotspots). Methods The system included all the key stages of the supply chain from land use change and coffee cultivation to roasting and household consumption. Primary data was collected from eight coffee cultivation farms in Brazil, Nicaragua, Colombia and Honduras and coffee roastery and packaging manufacturers in Finland. The AWARE method was applied in a water scarcity impact assessment. Results and discussion The carbon footprint varied from 0.27 to 0.70 kg CO 2 eq/l coffee. The share of the coffee cultivation stage varied from 32 to 78% and the consumption stage from 19 to 49%. The use of fertilizers was the most important process contributing to the carbon footprint. Furthermore, deforestation-related emissions notably increased the carbon footprint of coffee from Nicaragua. Compared with the previous literature, our results indicate a relatively larger share of climate impacts in the cultivation stage and less during consumption. The water scarcity impact was relatively low for non-irrigated systems in Central America, 0.02 m 3 eq/l coffee. On Brazilian farms, irrigation is a major contributor to the water scarcity impact, varying from 0.15 to 0.27 m 3 eq/l coffee. Conclusions Improving the management practices in cultivation and fertilization is key for lower GHG emissions. Irrigation optimization is the most important mitigation strategy to reduce water scarcity impact. However, actions to reduce these two impacts should be executed side by side to avoid shifting burdens between the two.

• openalex https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-020-01799-5first seen 2026-08-02 17:28:54 · last seen 2026-08-02 17:29:47