On the utility of simultaneous CO 2 and CO observations from GOSAT-2: Examining global urban emissions and their socioeconomic characteristics

Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.

🔬研究者:Provides empirical evidence on the utility of simultaneous CO2-CO satellite observations for urban emission monitoring and inventory verification.

🏢実務担当者:Offers a method for independent verification of emissions data, potentially useful for corporate sustainability reporting and supply chain emissions assessment.

🏛政策担当者:Highlights the potential of satellite monitoring to track progress toward SDGs and verify national emission inventories, especially in regions with weak bottom-up data.

Urban areas are major sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) and air pollutant emissions. Given their substantial potential for mitigation, urban emissions need to be accurately monitored in a timely manner. Satellite observations have proven to be a practical approach -and an independent, objective verification support tool- for monitoring emissions from urban areas worldwide. In particular, the combined use of co-emitted GHG and air pollutant data, such as Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) and Carbon Monoxide (CO), can help characterize combustion type and efficiency across different countries and regions, as well as monitor changes in response to economic development and/or mitigation policy measures. This study examines the utility of space-based GHG and air quality (AQ) data collected by the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite-2 (GOSAT-2, 2018-present) for studying urban emissions. GOSAT-2 uniquely collects GHG and CO data simultaneously, enabling co-emitted gas analysis without requiring co-located satellite data. In particular, this study uses partial column CO₂ data and total column CO data retrieved for 2018–2021. We estimate concentration enhancements of CO₂ and CO over 69 urban areas worldwide (population > 1 million) and examine their relationships. We find that the CO₂-CO relationship is well represented by the Modified Environmental Kuznets Curve (MEKC), which describes the link between air quality and economic development. We also examine CO/CO₂ ratios calculated using GOSAT-2 data and the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) inventory. Urban areas in Southeast Asia and Africa regions show large discrepancies (>40%) between ratios from GOSAT-2 and EDGAR, which might be attributable to biofuel use that is poorly represented in inventories. These findings suggest that simultaneous CO₂ and CO observations could help monitor emissions in regions with less robust bottom-up estimates. Such observations also provide a top-down, independent assessment of emission inventories and progress toward sustainable development goals (SDGs).

• semanticscholar https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2515-7620/ae9134/pdffirst seen 2026-07-31 06:53:41 · last seen 2026-08-02 06:23:36