気候ヘッジのパラドックス:グリーン対ブラウンポートフォリオの尾部リスクと状態依存性分析(2021-2026年)
The Climate Hedge Paradox: A Tail-Risk and State-Dependent Analysis of Green vs. Brown Portfolios (2021-2026) (原題)
Luis-Felipe Arizmendi
🤖 gxceed AI 要約
日本語
EU ETSなどの炭素価格が炭素集約型(ブラウン)資産の減価をヘッジするという通説を、2021年1月〜2026年3月の日次リターンで検証した。GARCH(1,1)と分位点回帰により、ブラウンポートフォリオの炭素係数は正で有意(0.0620)となり、5%分位では0.146に上昇する一方、グリーンはほぼゼロで非有意だった。炭素はヘッジではなく順循環的なリスク要因として作用し、Solvency IIのVaR・ES・SCRに直接影響する。
English
Testing whether carbon prices (EU ETS via KRBN) hedge carbon-intensive assets, this study uses daily returns from Jan 2021 to Mar 2026 with GARCH(1,1) and quantile regressions. The brown portfolio shows a positive, significant carbon loading (0.0620) that intensifies in the left tail (0.146 at the 5th percentile), while the green portfolio's loading is negligible. Carbon acts as a procyclical risk factor, not a hedge, with material implications for VaR, Expected Shortfall, and Solvency II SCR.
Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.
📝 gxceed 編集解説 — Why this matters
日本のGX文脈において
SSBJ・有報での気候関連リスク開示や保険会社のSCR算定において、炭素価格を「ヘッジ」と前提した資産配分の危うさを示す。日本の金融機関・機関投資家がトランジションリスクを資本計算に組み込む際の実証的根拠となる。
In the global GX context
Directly informs TCFD/ISSB climate-risk disclosure and prudential frameworks (Solvency II, and by extension Basel-style climate stress tests): carbon pricing cannot be assumed to offset brown-asset losses, and tail dependence plus volatility persistence must be modeled explicitly. Adds quantitative evidence to the transition-risk capital debate.
👥 読者別の含意
🔬研究者:炭素価格と資産リターンの尾部依存・状態依存性をGARCHと分位点回帰で捉える実証設計の参考になる。
🏢実務担当者:炭素価格をポートフォリオのヘッジと見なす前提を見直し、ブラウン資産の尾部リスクを資本計画に反映すべき。
🏛政策担当者:気候ストレステストやSCR算定でガウス前提を避け、裾の厚い分布とボラティリティ持続性を規制枠組みに織り込む必要がある。
📄 Abstract(原文)
The transition toward a Net-Zero economy introduces systemic transition risk that challenges traditional actuarial modeling and risk-based capital frameworks. A prevailing hypothesis in sustainable finance posits that carbon allowances (e.g., the EU ETS) should hedge against the depreciation of carbonintensive ("brown") assets, implying negative return comovement. Using daily log-returns from January 2021 to March 2026-a window dominated by post-pandemic inflation and the energy-market dislocation following the invasion of Ukraine-we test this hypothesis with a GARCH(1,1) model with Student-t innovations for a clean-energy index (ICLN) and a fossil-energy index (XLE), using the global carbon price (KRBN) as the transition factor and the equity market (SPY) as control. The evidence documents a Climate Hedge Paradox: the carbon coefficient for the brown portfolio is positive and significant (βc=0.0620, p<0.01), whereas it is negligible and insignificant for the green portfolio (βc=0.0025). Three features make the failure actuarially material. First, the positive carbon loading of the brown portfolio intensifies in the left tail: a quantile regression raises it to 0.146 (p<0.05) at the 5th percentile, precisely where downside protection should matter most. Second, conditional-variance shocks are highly persistent for the brown portfolio (α+β=0.9948; half-life ≈133 trading days) and far less so for the green (0.9589; ≈17 days). Third, both return distributions are heavy-tailed (ν=13.71 for XLE, ν=5.35 for ICLN), so that at the Solvency II 99.5% level a Gaussian model understates the one-day Value-at-Risk by about 7% (brown) and 20% (green), and the corresponding Expected Shortfall by about 12% and 37%. Carbon, therefore, behaved as a procyclical risk factor rather than a hedge, with direct implications for VaR, Expected Shortfall, and the Solvency II Solvency Capital Requirement.
🔗 Provenance — このレコードを発見したソース
- openaire https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6856161first seen 2026-11-02 04:29:23 · last seen 2026-11-04 04:30:46
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