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Thermal Energy Storage Technologies: A Review of Current Landscape and Future Directions

蓄熱技術：現状と将来展望のレビュー (AI 翻訳)

Tafere AT

Research Squareプレプリント2026-06-08#エネルギー転換
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.176639.2
原典: https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.176639.2

🤖 gxceed AI 要約

日本語

本レビューは、顕熱、潜熱、熱化学、ハイブリッド方式の蓄熱技術を体系的に比較。エネルギー密度、効率、熱伝導率などの性能指標を統一温度区分で評価し、ナノ材料や可逆反応による季節蓄熱などの進展を紹介。低炭素エネルギー転換や産業脱炭素への貢献可能性を示すが、材料耐久性や経済性の課題も指摘。

English

This review systematically compares sensible, latent, thermochemical, and hybrid thermal energy storage (TES) technologies. It evaluates key performance indicators such as energy density, efficiency, and thermal conductivity under a unified temperature classification. The paper highlights advances like nano-enhanced phase change materials and reversible thermochemical reactions for seasonal storage, and discusses the role of TES in supporting low-carbon energy transitions and industrial decarbonization, while noting challenges in material durability and economic feasibility.

Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.

📝 gxceed 編集解説 — Why this matters

日本のGX文脈において

日本では再生可能エネルギーの導入拡大に伴い、出力変動を平滑化する蓄熱技術への関心が高まっている。本レビューは技術オプションの体系的比較を提供しており、今後の日本における蓄熱システムの導入検討や政策立案の参考となる。

In the global GX context

This review provides a systematic comparison of TES technologies relevant to global renewable energy integration and grid stability. It offers a framework for selecting TES solutions that can support industrial decarbonization and climate-resilient infrastructure, which aligns with international efforts under the Paris Agreement and net-zero targets.

👥 読者別の含意

🔬研究者:Provides a comprehensive benchmark of TES performance and recent innovations, useful for identifying research gaps in material durability and system integration.

🏢実務担当者:Offers a decision-making framework for selecting TES technologies in industrial or utility-scale applications, helping to assess trade-offs in energy density, efficiency, and cost.

🏛政策担当者:Highlights the role of TES in enabling high renewable penetration and decarbonizing heat, informing policy support for storage deployment and R&D funding.

📄 Abstract（原文）

Thermal Energy Storage (TES) is a critical technology for enhancing the reliability, flexibility, and efficiency of renewable energy systems. This review paper provides an inclusive study of TES mechanisms like sensible heat storage (SHS), latent heat storage (LHS), thermochemical energy storage (TCES), and hybrid systems, and emphasizing their operating principle, material property, and application context. Key performance indicators are systematically assessed: SHS (50–150 kJ/kg, 70–90% efficiency), LHS (150–250 kJ/kg, 75–95% efficiency), and TCES (250–1200 kJ/kg, 75–90% efficiency), alongside thermal conductivity ranges (0.2–10 W/m.K) and environmental impacts. A unified temperature classification is applied across technologies: low (<200 °C), medium (200–600 °C), and high (>600 °C), ensuring consistency in comparative analysis. This paper shows thermal energy storage options by incorporating nano-enhanced phase change materials, reversible thermochemical reactions for seasonal storage, and innovative system designs that improve operational responsiveness and grid integration. Despite substantial advancements in thermal energy storage technologies, several critical challenges continue to hinder their widespread adoption and long-term reliability. Issues of material durability, economic feasibility, and large-scale deployment remain unresolved, especially for high-temperature and long-duration storage applications. Addressing these limitations is essential to unlock the full potential of TES in supporting sustainable energy systems. This paper reviews that to emphasize individual storage mechanisms, synthesizes technological progress, deployment insights, and regional relevance to establish a framework for selecting and advancing TES solutions that support low-carbon energy transitions, industrial decarbonization, and climate-resilient infrastructure.

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