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インドにおける持続的集約化のための保全型農業：土壌プロセス、水資源、作物生産性、気候影響、普及を統合して

Conservation agriculture for sustainable intensification in India integrating soil processes, water resources, crop performance, climate impacts, and adoption (原題)

Chetankumar Prakash Sawant, Ajita Gupta, Rahul Gautam, Abhijit Khadatkar, Ajit Pralhad Magar, Vijay Kumar, Ved Prakash Chaudhary, Sagar Kolekar

Discover Sustainability📚 査読済 / ジャーナル2026-10-03#気候科学経営インパクト: 調達リスク対象セクター: agriculture
DOI: 10.1007/s43621-026-04878-z
原典: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-026-04878-z

🤖 gxceed AI 要約

日本語

本総説はPRISMA準拠の構造化レビューにより、インドの保全型農業（CA）の効果を土壌・水・作物・GHG・気候レジリエンスの観点から統合した。CAは団粒安定性、土壌有機炭素、浸透性、水利用効率、長期的な収量安定性を概ね改善する一方、炭素隔離・GHG排出・生産性の反応は土壌型・気候・残渣管理・作付体系により大きく異なる。残渣の飼料競合、機械アクセス、普及体制の格差が普及の主要障壁であり、地域別・システム型の適応設計と気候スマート機械化、政策支援が今後の課題とされる。

English

This PRISMA-informed review synthesizes evidence on conservation agriculture (CA) across Indian agro-ecosystems, covering soil health, water dynamics, crop productivity, GHG emissions and climate resilience. CA generally improves aggregate stability, soil organic carbon, infiltration, water-use efficiency and long-term yield stability, while carbon sequestration, nutrient stratification, GHG outcomes and productivity gains vary by soil, climate, residue management and cropping system. Adoption barriers include residue-livestock competition, machinery access and extension gaps, pointing to region-specific, system-based design and climate-smart mechanization.

Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.

📝 gxceed 編集解説 — Why this matters

日本のGX文脈において

日本では直接の政策接続は弱いが、Scope 3 カテゴリ1（農産物調達）や食料システムの気候リスク評価、土壌炭素を巡るネイチャー関連開示に関心を持つ食品・商社系企業にとって、地域差の大きさを示す参照材料となる。

In the global GX context

For global disclosure scholarship, this adds a Global South empirical synthesis on soil-carbon and GHG outcomes in agriculture — relevant to Scope 3 Category 1 agricultural supply-chain accounting and to nature/land-sector target setting under SBTi FLAG and TNFD, though it offers no disclosure framework itself.

👥 読者別の含意

🔬研究者:インドのCA研究における文脈依存性と未解明領域（長期システム性能、CH4、残渣管理）の整理として有用。

🏢実務担当者:農産物調達を持つ企業が、土壌炭素・GHG削減効果を地域・作付体系ごとに評価する際の前提整理に使える。

🏛政策担当者:農業気候政策において、機械化支援と普及制度が生物物理的効果と同等に普及を左右する点を示す。

📄 Abstract（原文）

Conservation agriculture (CA) has emerged as a promising approach for enhancing agricultural sustainability by improving soil health, resource use efficiency, climate resilience, and environmental quality. However, the performance of CA in India remains highly heterogeneous due to wide variations in agro ecological conditions, cropping systems, residue availability, mechanization, and socio economic constraints. This review critically synthesizes current evidence on the impacts of CA in Indian agro ecosystems using a structured literature review methodology inspired by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. The review evaluates the effects of minimum soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, crop diversification, and controlled traffic/permanent raised beds (PRBs) on soil health, soil–water dynamics, crop productivity, weed and pest ecology, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and climate resilience. The synthesis distinguishes well established evidence from context dependent responses, demonstrating that CA generally improves aggregate stability, soil organic carbon, infiltration, water-use efficiency, and long term yield stability, while responses related to carbon sequestration, nutrient stratification, GHG emissions, and crop productivity vary with soil type, climate, residue management, cropping system, and duration of adoption. The review also highlights key adoption barriers, including residue livestock competition, limited access to appropriate machinery, knowledge and extension gaps, and regional disparities. Finally, it identifies critical research priorities related to long term system performance, integrated nutrient and water management, climate smart mechanization, and policy support. CA improves soil structure, SOC, infiltration and moisture retention. Enhances yield stability and water use in irrigated cereal systems. Trade-offs include weeds, residue use conflicts and CH4 in rice. Mechanization and institutions drive outcomes beyond biophysics. Scaling needs region-specific, system-based adaptive design.

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