Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Play a Pivotal Role in Advancing Sustainable Applications Across Energy, Environment, Agriculture, And Remediation

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🔬研究者:Provides a comprehensive overview of recent nanomaterial advances for sustainability, useful for identifying research gaps and cross-disciplinary opportunities.

Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative force in sustainable development, leveraging the unique properties of nanomaterials such as high surface area, tunable reactivity, and quantum effects to address pressing global challenges including climate change, resource depletion, and environmental pollution. Advanced materials at the nanoscale, including carbon-based nanostructures (e.g., graphene, carbon nanotubes), metal oxides (e.g., TiO2, ZnO), and bio-derived nanoparticles, enable efficient energy conversion, pollutant removal, precision agriculture, and waste remediation with minimal environmental footprint. In renewable energy, nanomaterials enhance solar cell efficiency through quantum dots and perovskites, improve battery performance via nanostructured electrodes, and catalyse hydrogen production, contributing to a reduced carbon footprint. For water purification and environmental remediation, green-synthesized nanoparticles facilitate adsorption, photocatalysis, and microbial degradation of heavy metals, antibiotics, and organic pollutants, outperforming traditional methods in speed and cost-effectiveness. In agriculture, nano-fertilizers and nano-pesticides enable targeted delivery, minimizing overuse and runoff, while nano sensors monitor soil health for precision farming. This review employs a systematic literature analysis of recent studies (2023–2026) from databases like PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, focusing on green synthesis routes using plant extracts, microbes, and waste materials to ensure sustainability. Key findings reveal that sustainable nanomaterials can cut energy use in synthesis by 30–40% and boost remediation efficiency by up to 50%, promoting a circular economy. However, challenges persist, including nanomaterial toxicity, regulatory gaps, and scalability for field applications. Future directions emphasize AI-driven design, biodegradable composites, and life-cycle assessments to fully realize nanotechnology's potential for UN Sustainable Development Goals. By integrating these innovations, nanotechnology paves the way for resilient, low-emission systems that balance human needs with planetary health, fostering equitable progress in developing regions like India.

• semanticscholar https://doi.org/10.32628/ijsrst2613116first seen 2026-05-15 20:38:50 · last seen 2026-06-10 05:25:22