Environmental and Economic Impacts of Carbon Emissions in Potato and Maize Production Systems: Evidence from Punjab, Pakistan
パキスタン、パンジャーブ州のジャガイモとトウモロコシ生産システムにおける炭素排出の環境的・経済的影響 (AI 翻訳)
Ayesha Rouf, Abdullah Hammad, Shagufta Rasheed, Muzammil Anwar, Jawad Anwar
🤖 gxceed AI 要約
日本語
パキスタン・パンジャーブ州オカラ県のジャガイモ・トウモロコシ生産におけるカーボンフットプリントを推定。大規模農家の平均炭素排出量は7.50 m3と最大で、肥料や軽油が主要排出源。水の使用量も農家規模で大きく異なる。高投入にもかかわらず経済的には持続可能であることを示した。
English
This study estimates the carbon footprint of potato and maize production in Okara, Pakistan. Large farms have the highest average carbon footprint at 7.50 m3, with fertilizers and diesel as major emission sources. Despite high input use, production remains economically viable, highlighting the need for efficient resource use to enhance sustainability.
Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.
📝 gxceed 編集解説 — Why this matters
日本のGX文脈において
パキスタンの農業事例は直接的には日本と異なるが、農業分野でのカーボンフットプリント算定手法は日本の農業排出削減策に示唆を与える可能性がある。
In the global GX context
This paper provides empirical evidence on agricultural carbon emissions from a developing country context, contributing to the global understanding of greenhouse gas sources in crop production and offering insights for mitigation strategies.
👥 読者別の含意
🔬研究者:Researchers can adopt the carbon footprint methodology for agricultural systems and compare with other regions.
🏢実務担当者:Farmers and agricultural advisors can use the findings to optimize input use for lower emissions.
🏛政策担当者:Policymakers in Pakistan may use these results to design targeted emission reduction policies in agriculture.
📄 Abstract（原文）
Climate change affects agriculture adversely, and at the same time, agriculture is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. In the District Okara of Pakistan, an important potato and maize-producing area, it stands 4th in potato and 3rd in maize production in the country. Increased CO2 levels cause an imbalance in greenhouse gases, which adversely affects crop cycles and increases pests. Climate-related pest pressure has resulted in crop losses of 28-45%. This study aims to estimate the carbon footprint of potato and maize production, analyze their profitability and terms of trade, and identify the key factors influencing carbon emissions and farm profitability. Primary data were collected from a sample of 240 respondents, comprising 120 potato producers and 120 maize producers from District Okara. Profitability was assessed using a net benefit approach, calculated as total revenue minus production costs, while terms of trade were estimated as the ratio of output value to input costs. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis was employed to estimate carbon emissions associated with major production inputs. The results indicate that the average carbon footprint for large, medium, and small farmers was 7.50 m³, 6.90 m³, and 6.24 m³, respectively. Fertilizers, pesticides, diesel, and electricity were identified as the major sources of carbon emissions, contributing approximately 613.22 kg CO?-equivalent per annum. Water footprint analysis revealed substantial variation among farm sizes, with large, medium, and small farmers recording water footprints of 1460.23 mm, 69.2 mm, and 2807.1 mm, respectively. Despite a high dependence on external and off-season inputs, potato and maize production remained economically viable, with an average market price of approximately PKR 2,800* per mound. These results emphasize the importance of efficient use of inputs and emissions reduction to enhance the sustainability of agricultural systems in Pakistan.
🔗 Provenance — このレコードを発見したソース
- semanticscholar https://doi.org/10.52223/econimpact.2026.8101first seen 2026-05-15 17:05:02
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