Blockchain-Based Carbon Accounting for Green Grid Infrastructure: A Decision-Making Approach Integrating Life Cycle Assessment and Multi-Agent Simulation

Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.

🔬研究者:Researchers in carbon accounting and energy systems can leverage the integrated blockchain-LCA-multi-agent simulation methodology for further studies on grid decarbonization and transparent carbon tracking.

🏢実務担当者:Corporate sustainability teams in power and energy sectors can adopt this framework for automated, tamper-proof carbon accounting across their infrastructure lifecycle, potentially easing compliance with Scope 1 and 2 reporting.

🏛政策担当者:Policymakers can consider blockchain-based carbon accounting frameworks to enhance regulatory oversight and transparency in national grid emission inventories, supporting carbon neutrality targets.

To support the achievement of carbon neutrality, a transparent mechanism for monitoring carbon emissions throughout the entire lifecycle of energy infrastructure, including UHV power grids and electricity transmission networks, is required. This study introduces a blockchain-enabled framework that integrates electricity, heating, gas, and cooling demands to facilitate comprehensive carbon emission tracing. The proposed framework enables carbon emission records to be stored securely in an immutable and transparent manner through blockchain technology. Moreover, it expands carbon accounting to encompass every stage of the energy lifecycle, beginning with energy production and continuing through system decommissioning. To capture uncertainties associated with energy consumption and blockchain operations, Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) is applied. Critical system variables, including energy utilisation, emission indicators, and transaction duration, are modelled under varying operational conditions to examine the framework's reliability. Furthermore, the framework incorporates Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) alongside multi-agent simulation to investigate the long-term environmental impacts of energy infrastructure. A case study undertaken in Hengqin, China, indicates that carbon emissions increased to 480 tonnes in June owing to greater cooling demand, while emissions reached 490 tonnes in January because of heating requirements. The capability of the power transmission network to accommodate these seasonal fluctuations contributed to lower emission levels during off-peak periods. The findings confirm that blockchain provides a secure, transparent, and decentralised solution for carbon accounting in integrated energy systems by removing intermediary involvement and lowering operational expenditure. Additionally, the framework offers stakeholders greater authority over energy pricing and distribution processes. Overall, the proposed approach establishes a comprehensive carbon accounting framework for green grid infrastructure, enhancing security, operational efficiency, and system flexibility across the entire energy lifecycle

• openalex https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21562123first seen 2026-07-27 05:13:40 · last seen 2026-07-27 05:13:51