Plasma-Activated Water as a Potential Low-Carbon Complement to Synthetic Nitrogen Fertilizers: A Comparative Review
Rodrigo Sávio Pessoa
🤖 gxceed AI 要約
日本語
プラズマ活性水（PAW）は、非熱プラズマで大気中の窒素を固定し、低炭素な窒素肥料の補完的役割が期待される。本レビューでは、従来の窒素肥料とPAWをエネルギー消費・炭素強度・窒素利用効率で比較。PAWは温室や水耕栽培での分散型利用が有望だが、窒素濃度の希薄さや技術的課題が残る。
English
This review compares plasma-activated water (PAW)—produced by non-thermal plasma fixing atmospheric nitrogen into water—with conventional nitrogen fertilizers. It evaluates energy use, carbon intensity, and nitrogen-use efficiency, concluding that PAW could complement synthetic fertilizers in decentralized fertigation, hydroponics, and off-grid systems, but faces barriers in concentration stability and reactor durability.
Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.
📝 gxceed 編集解説 — Why this matters
日本のGX文脈において
日本の農業は化学肥料依存度が高く、輸入価格高騰や環境規制に対応するため、PAWのような分散型低炭素技術は関心が高い。ただし、日本での実証研究は乏しく、SSBJや有報での開示項目とは直接関係しないが、カーボンフットプリント削減策として将来有望。
In the global GX context
Globally, nitrogen fertilizer production accounts for ~1-2% of energy-related CO2 emissions. This review positions PAW as a potential tool for decarbonizing agriculture, especially in regions with cheap renewable electricity. While not directly linked to TCFD/ISSB disclosures, it offers a technological pathway for Scope 3 emission reductions in food supply chains.
👥 読者別の含意
🔬研究者:Provides a systematic comparison of PAW vs. conventional fertilizers, identifying research gaps in techno-economics and field validation.
🏢実務担当者:Useful for agricultural technology firms exploring low-carbon fertigation solutions; highlights current TRL and limitations.
🏛政策担当者:Informs agricultural policy on subsidizing low-carbon fertilizer alternatives; emphasizes need for field trials and LCA standardization.
📄 Abstract（原文）
Conventional nitrogen fertilizers are essential to food production but impose substantial energy, greenhouse-gas, and reactive-nitrogen losses. This review compares Haber–Bosch-derived urea, ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, green ammonia, and fertigation with plasma-activated water (PAW), in which non-thermal plasma fixes atmospheric nitrogen directly into water as NO3−/NO2− and, in some systems, NH4+. A PRISMA-adapted Scopus screening retrieved 765 records. Automated screening excluded 312 records; all 453 provisionally retained records were then manually audited, removing 88 additional false positives and yielding 365 plasma nitrogen-fixation studies, including 157 PAW/plasma-in-liquid records. The comparison uses explicit system boundaries for energy, carbon intensity, nitrogen-use efficiency, and technology readiness. The lowest verified directly measured in-water system reports 1.14 MJ mol−1 N for total soluble nitrogen, whereas lower values near 0.4–0.5 MJ mol−1 N refer mainly to gas-phase or modeled plasma fixation and are not directly interchangeable with PAW. Controlled-environment studies report improved germination or vegetative growth in several crops and, in one full-cycle controlled horticultural study with a nitrate-equivalent control, fruit performance comparable with conventional nitrate fertilization. Nevertheless, PAW is not a general replacement for synthetic fertilizer. Its most credible near-term role is as a decentralized complement in fertigation, protected cultivation, hydroponics, and remote or supply-constrained systems supplied by low-carbon electricity. Major barriers are dilute and variable nitrogen concentration, reactor durability, storage stability, incomplete techno-economic accounting, and the absence of replicated multi-season field validation. Minimum reporting requirements and research priorities are proposed.
🔗 Provenance — このレコードを発見したソース
- openalex https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering8080310first seen 2026-07-29 05:04:37
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