炭素回収・利用・貯留技術評価

Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.

🔬研究者:Provides a comprehensive techno-economic and performance audit of CCUS/DAC, including cost tiers and learning curves, useful for modeling decarbonization pathways.

🏢実務担当者:Offers cost benchmarks and performance data to inform CCUS project feasibility, supplier selection, and credible transition planning.

🏛政策担当者:Highlights the need for regulatory guardrails and realistic performance expectations to prevent fossil lock-in and ensure CCUS contributes to net-zero.

Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) and Direct Air Capture (DAC) are thermodynamic necessities for achieving mid‑century climate stabilization because 25–30% of global CO₂ emissions arise from stoichiometric industrial processes that cannot be abated through electrification alone. As the monograph states, “direct electrification and renewable energy deployment cannot abate stoichiometric process emissions inherent in cement clinker calcination, blast furnace iron reduction, and primary chemical synthesis” . These residual emissions—4.5 to 5.5 Gt CO₂ annually by 2050—require large‑scale deployment of point‑source capture and engineered carbon removal. This assessment evaluates the physics, engineering, and economics of post‑combustion amine absorption, pre‑combustion physical solvents, oxy‑fuel systems, membranes, and emerging electrochemical architectures. It contrasts industrial point‑source capture with DAC’s extreme dilution challenge, where “capturing 1.0 metric ton of CO₂ requires processing approximately 2.0 to 2.5 million cubic meters of ambient air” . Solid‑sorbent VTSA and liquid KOH looping systems are analyzed across energy penalties, regeneration temperatures, water balances, and scalability. The monograph integrates technoeconomic cost trajectories, showing four distinct cost tiers—from $25–$40/t for high‑purity ammonia/ethanol streams to $350–$650/t for first‑of‑a‑kind DAC—and maps future learning‑curve reductions for modular DAC manufacturing. It further examines transport infrastructure (dense‑phase pipelines, maritime CO₂ shipping), subsurface storage physics (structural, residual, dissolution, and mineral trapping), and global storage basin capacities exceeding 8,000–14,000 Gt CO₂. A historical audit of CCS projects reveals chronic underperformance, with many facilities achieving only 65–75% lifetime capture despite 90% design claims. As documented, “actual lifetime capture efficiencies across operational power facilities averaged 65% to 75%” . The monograph critiques moral hazard risks and establishes strict deployment guardrails to prevent CCUS from enabling fossil lock‑in. Finally, the assessment outlines a strategic 2026–2035 roadmap emphasizing industrial clustering, shared transport/storage hubs, regulatory guardrails, and prioritization of CCUS only for unavoidable stoichiometric emissions. DAC is reserved for neutralizing residual aviation, maritime, and agricultural emissions, forming the backbone of durable net‑negative carbon removal.

• openalex https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22375523first seen 2026-09-07 04:40:35 · last seen 2026-09-07 04:40:36