Analysis of Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) as a Climate Regulatory Barrier for India and the European Union (EU) Trade.
インドと欧州連合（EU）の貿易における気候規制障壁としての炭素国境調整メカニズム（CBAM）の分析 (AI 翻訳)
Dr. Nafees Hashim Rizvi, D. Mehdi
🤖 gxceed AI 要約
日本語
CBAMの法的・経済的影響を分析。鉄鋼・アルミに焦点。2024年の貿易ショック、スコープ2排出を含めるとAVE負担が鉄鋼で15-20%、アルミで30-40%に。GATT整合性も検討。MSMEsへの影響。
English
This paper analyzes CBAM's impact on India-EU trade, focusing on iron, steel, and aluminum. Using a gravity model and EU ETS data (2023-2025), it finds that including Scope 2 emissions raises ad valorem equivalent burdens to 15-20% for steel and 30-40% for aluminum. It introduces the Divisibility Condition Hypothesis based on 41 stakeholder interviews and examines GATT compatibility, concluding CBAM acts as a regressive non-tariff barrier.
Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.
📝 gxceed 編集解説 — Why this matters
日本のGX文脈において
本論文はCBAMのインドへの影響を分析するが、日本も同様に鉄鋼・アルミ輸出でEUのCBAMの影響を受ける可能性がある。日本のGX-ETSとの整合性やMSMEsへの影響を考える上で示唆に富む。
In the global GX context
CBAM is a key instrument in EU's climate policy and trade. This paper provides empirical evidence on its impact on developing countries, raising issues of equity and trade distortion. It addresses GATT compatibility, which is debated globally.
👥 読者別の含意
🔬研究者:Provides empirical evidence on CBAM's trade impacts using gravity model and stakeholder interviews, valuable for trade and climate policy research.
🏢実務担当者:Corporate sustainability teams in steel and aluminum exporting to EU should note the high ad valorem burdens when Scope 2 is included, and plan low-carbon product differentiation.
🏛政策担当者:Regulators in developing countries can use this analysis to argue for recognition of domestic carbon pricing in CBAM negotiations.
📄 Abstract（原文）
The European Union (EU) established Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) as a regulatory barrier under Regulation (EU) 2023/956 which entered its definitive phase in January 2026. This changed the way how climate policy and international trade are governed. CBAM is an important "live trade issue" because India seeks to achieve its two major objectives. To become Net Zero by 2070 and Viksit Bharat @2047. This paper discusses the legal and economic impacts of CBAM on trade between India and the European Union (EU). It focuses on the industries like iron, steel and aluminium which are highly vulnerable. The study examines that India faced a significant “2024Trade Shock” because exports covered under CBAM decreases from USD 7,369 million in 2023 to USD 6,321 million in 2024.The major reasons for this fall are administrative and reporting challenges during the period of transition. The augmented gravity model and verified EU ETS auction data from 2023 to 2025 shows that adding Scope 2 emissions raises the ad valorem equivalent (AVE) burden up to 15% to 20% for steel and a "catastrophic" 30% to 40% for aluminum. The paper uses the concept of Divisibility Condition Hypothesis (DCH) which is based on 41 stakeholder interviews. It explains how regulatory diffusion happens in different groups. It argues that production divisibility helps Integrated Steel Plants (ISPs) to segregate output by assigning low-carbon products for the EU. The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises(MSMEs) will face market challenges due to limited financial capacity and data acess. The study also examines that whether CBAM is compatible with the GATT Articles I, III, and XX or not. It considers that providing free subsidies to the European Union(EU) producers is a "protectionism in disguise." The analysis determines that CBAM acts as a regressive non-tariff barrier (NTB) that may result in unequal welfare losses for developing countries like India because they do not have a domestic carbon pricing system recognized by the European Union(EU).
🔗 Provenance — このレコードを発見したソース
- semanticscholar https://doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2026.1303000130first seen 2026-05-15 17:19:38
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