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Life Cycle Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Buildings for Sustainable Construction

持続可能な建設のための鉄筋コンクリート建物のライフサイクルアセスメント (AI 翻訳)

Aakil Khan, Deepak Verma

International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research📚 査読済 / ジャーナル2026-05-29#エネルギー転換Origin: Global経営インパクト: コスト削減対象セクター: construction
DOI: 10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i03.79544
原典: https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i03.79544

🤖 gxceed AI 要約

日本語

本レビューは、鉄筋コンクリート（RC）建物のライフサイクルアセスメント（LCA）に関する既存研究を体系的に整理し、体積エネルギーと炭素排出量の範囲、SCM（フライアッシュ、GGBFS）の削減効果、研究ギャップを明らかにした。運用エネルギーが体積エネルギーよりはるかに大きいにもかかわらず、材料段階に焦点を当てた研究が多いことを指摘し、今後の研究優先事項を示している。建設分野の脱炭素に資するデータ駆動型の指針を提供する。

English

This review systematically organizes existing LCA studies on reinforced concrete buildings, clarifying ranges of embodied energy and carbon emissions, reduction effects of SCMs (fly ash, GGBFS), and research gaps. It notes that operational energy is much larger than embodied energy, yet many studies focus on material phase, and identifies future research priorities. Provides data-driven guidance for decarbonizing the construction sector.

Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.

📝 gxceed 編集解説 — Why this matters

日本のGX文脈において

日本の建設業界では、カーボンニュートラル達成に向けて建物のライフサイクル全体でのCO2削減が求められており、本レビューのデータは、環境省や国土交通省の政策や、ゼロエネルギービル（ZEB）の取り組みに活用できる。また、サプライチェーン排出量算定において、建設資材の排出原単位の精緻化に寄与する。

In the global GX context

Globally, the construction sector accounts for nearly 40% of energy-related CO2 emissions, and LCA is central to green building certifications like LEED and BREEAM. This review consolidates embodied carbon data and SCM strategies, supporting ISSB-aligned disclosure of Scope 3 emissions and transition planning for construction firms. It also highlights data gaps in developing countries, relevant for global supply chains.

👥 読者別の含意

🔬研究者:Provides a comprehensive overview of LCA studies on RC buildings, identifying research gaps and future directions for embodied carbon assessment.

🏢実務担当者:Offers data on embodied energy and carbon ranges, as well as SCM replacement ratios, useful for setting sustainability targets and material selection in construction projects.

🏛政策担当者:Highlights the importance of LCA in building regulations and the potential of SCMs to reduce emissions, informing policy on low-carbon construction standards.

📄 Abstract（原文）

Reinforced concrete (RC) is the most widely used structural material for buildings in the world. It is strong, durable, and flexible in design, but its production has a large environmental cost. Cement alone contributes approximately 7 to 8 percent of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a scientific method used to measure the total environmental impact of a building from the production of raw materials to demolition and disposal. This review paper covers published journal studies on the LCA of RC buildings, focusing on three main areas: embodied energy, carbon emissions, and the role of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and other sustainability strategies. Published data shows that the embodied energy of standard RC buildings ranges from 3.5 to 6.2 gigajoules per square meter of floor area, and embodied CO2 emissions range from 280 to 520 kilograms per square meter. Using fly ash at 30 percent replacement reduces CO2 by 25 to 35 percent. Using GGBFS at 50 percent replacement reduces CO2 by 40 to 54 percent. Operational energy during the building's service life is often 3 to 10 times larger than embodied energy over 50 years, yet many LCA studies still focus only on the material production phase. The review identifies six key research gaps including the absence of durability-based service life prediction in most studies, limited data from developing countries, and the routine exclusion of end-of-life recycling credits. Future research priorities are clearly identified. The paper provides reliable, data-supported guidance for architects, structural engineers, and policymakers who want to reduce the environmental impact of RC building construction.

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