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酪農システムにおける農場レベルの温室効果ガス評価：変動要因のレビュー

Farm-level greenhouse gas assessment in dairy systems: a review of drivers of variability (原題)

Dima Farra, Nicolaj Ingemann Nielsen, You Chang, Hans Houe, Philip Rasmussen, Henk Hogeveen, Jakob Vesterlund Olsen, Beate Conrady

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems📚 査読済 / ジャーナル2026-08-18#炭素会計Origin: EU経営インパクト: 調達リスク対象セクター: agriculture
DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2026.1872971
原典: https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2026.1872971

🤖 gxceed AI 要約

日本語

本レビューは、酪農生産における農場レベルのGHG排出量推定の比較可能性を左右する要因を体系的に分析した。91件の研究を対象に、システム境界、機能単位、配分手順、上流排出の範囲、不確実性報告、土地利用変化と炭素隔離の扱いなどが報告値のばらつきの主因であることを示した。報告の透明性を高めるための構造化フレームワークと簡易データ品質スコアリングを提案している。

English

This review analyzes factors affecting comparability of farm-level GHG estimates in dairy systems. Based on 91 studies, it finds that variation stems mainly from system boundaries, functional units, allocation procedures, upstream coverage, uncertainty reporting, and land-related carbon dynamics, rather than omission of core emission processes. A structured reporting framework and simplified data quality scoring are proposed to improve interpretability and policy relevance.

Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.

📝 gxceed 編集解説 — Why this matters

日本のGX文脈において

日本の畜産分野では、SSBJ開示やサプライチェーン排出量算定において、農場レベルのGHG評価の標準化が課題となっている。本レビューの提案する報告フレームワークは、国内の酪農排出量算定の信頼性向上や、国際比較可能なデータ整備に示唆を与える。

In the global GX context

Globally, this review addresses the need for harmonized GHG accounting in dairy supply chains, supporting Scope 3 disclosure under ISSB and CSRD. The proposed reporting framework can enhance comparability across studies and regions, strengthening the credibility of dairy climate claims and mitigation policies.

👥 読者別の含意

🔬研究者:Provides a comprehensive overview of methodological choices affecting dairy GHG estimates, useful for designing comparable studies.

🏢実務担当者:Offers a structured reporting framework to improve transparency and credibility of farm-level GHG assessments, aiding Scope 3 reporting.

🏛政策担当者:Highlights the need for standardized reporting to support policy development and benchmarking in dairy sectors.

📄 Abstract（原文）

Greenhouse gas (GHG) estimates from dairy systems are increasingly used to benchmark production performance, evaluate mitigation strategies, and inform climate policy. However, comparisons across studies remain difficult because reported estimates often differ in scope, terminology, and methodological transparency. This study reviewed peer-reviewed literature on farm-level GHG emissions in dairy production to assess how methodological and reporting choices affect comparability. Out of 20,164 records, 91 studies were included. Core emission sources, including enteric methane, manure methane, and nitrous oxide emissions, were consistently represented across the reviewed studies, indicating that variation was not primarily driven by omission of core biological processes. Instead, differences were mainly related to system boundaries, functional units, allocation procedures, upstream emission coverage, uncertainty reporting, and the treatment of land-related carbon dynamics. Land-use change and carbon sequestration were inconsistently reported, with each included in 19% of 91 studies. Reported milk emission intensities showed substantial regional and production-system variation; however, these values are not directly comparable, as they reflect fundamentally different production systems, data contexts, and modelling assumptions rather than equivalent system performance. Overall, the findings show that comparability in dairy GHG assessments depends less on the inclusion of core emission processes than on transparent reporting of scope, assumptions, and methodological choices. A structured reporting framework and simplified data quality scoring approach are proposed to improve interpretability, reduce false comparability, and strengthen the policy relevance of farm-level dairy GHG assessments.

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