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ブロックチェーン基盤の農業炭素クレジット市場：小規模農家のクレジット生成・バッファリング・取引のための検証者認証型アーキテクチャ

BLOCKCHAIN-POWERED AGRICULTURAL CARBON CREDIT MARKETPLACE: A Verifier-Attested Architecture for Smallholder Credit Generation, Buffering, and Trading (原題)

Parth R. Gavle, Neelam Jain

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)📚 査読済 / ジャーナル2026-10-29#炭素会計経営インパクト: 調達リスク対象セクター: agriculture
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23764640
原典: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23764640

🤖 gxceed AI 要約

日本語

小規模農家が参加しにくい農業炭素クレジットについて、証拠収集から検証者クォーラム、バッチ発行、リバーサル用バッファプール、エスクロー型オンチェーン取引までを統合したブロックチェーン市場を設計。Merkleバッチで記録あたりガス代を大幅削減、5/9クォーラムで偽証受容リスクを0.09%に低減、GPS5m未満の重複圃場を99.4%の再現率で検出。集約により446haで費用対効果が成立し、リスクに応じ15〜30%のバッファが必要と試算。数値はすべて仮想シナリオ。

English

Designs a unified blockchain marketplace for smallholder agricultural carbon credits, spanning evidence capture, a k-of-n verifier quorum, batch-minted quality-encoded tokens, a reversal buffer pool, and an escrowed on-chain order book with national registry delisting. Merkle batching cuts per-record gas from 24,000 to 46 units at batch size 1,000; a 5-of-9 quorum reduces false-proof acceptance risk to 0.09%; spatial overlap detection catches duplicate parcels at ≥99.4% recall under 5 m GPS error. Aggregation lowers cost-effectiveness threshold from 1,713 ha to 446 ha, with 15–30% buffer requirements. All figures are hypothetical scenarios, not deployed measurements.

Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.

📝 gxceed 編集解説 — Why this matters

日本のGX文脈において

J-クレジットや農業由来の炭素除去は日本のGX政策でも注目されるが、本稿は小規模農家の参入障壁（認証コスト・土壌炭素の検証困難）を技術設計で解く点が示唆的。国内クレジット制度とレジストリ連携を検討する実務者にとって、検証者クォーラムやバッファ設計の参考になる。

In the global GX context

Speaks to the integrity and scalability debate in voluntary carbon markets under ICVCM/Article 6 and emerging MRV standards: verifier quorums, buffer pools, and registry-linked tokenization are exactly the design questions ISSB/CSRD-adjacent disclosure and crediting bodies face. Adds a concrete architecture for smallholder inclusion, a persistent equity gap in global carbon finance.

👥 読者別の含意

🔬研究者:Provides a formal, model-based template for evaluating verifier quorum security, batching costs, and buffer sizing in carbon credit systems.

🏢実務担当者:Offers design patterns (Merkle batching, buffer pools, registry delisting) for firms building or procuring agricultural carbon credits with integrity safeguards.

🏛政策担当者:Highlights how registry-linked tokenization and verifier quorums could lower certification barriers for smallholders in national carbon crediting schemes.

📄 Abstract（原文）

Agriculture has the potential to deliver substantial amounts of verified carbon removals, but smallholders rarely participate: costs of certification are fixed per project, evidence of soil carbon is challenging to elicit and verify, and tokenized-credit markets to date are thin and fragmented. This paper describes a blockchain-based marketplace where agricultural credits are both issued and exchanged within a unified platform to ensure supply chain integrity. The design involves farmer-side evidence capture, digitalization with conservative uncertainty discounts, a k-of-n quorum of accredited verifiers, batch-minted tokens that encode quality information, a buffer pool for reversals, and an escrowed order-book market that settles on-chain and delists in a national registry. As the implementation of the system has yet to happen, the attributes of the system are assessed in terms of mathematical models in which parameters are determined beforehand. Through Merkle batching, transaction costs decrease from 24,000 to 46 gas units for every record at the batch size of 1,000. A quorum consisting of 5 out of 9 members results in a reduction of the risk of accepting a false proof by 100 times to 0.09% if 10% of the validators are compromised. Detection of spatial overlaps allows for the identification of parcels that are being enrolled multiple times with respect to the GPS discrepancies below 5 meters with recall worth at least 99.4%. The aggregated project would require 446 ha under the assumption of baseline conditions instead of 1,713 ha to achieve cost-effectiveness, while the buffer cost percentages of 15 to 30% could be required depending on the level of risks. The results are entirely hypothetical and should be interpreted as scenarios rather than measurements in any deployed system.

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