農業・土地利用とGHGリーケージを考慮した最適第二最適環境・気候政策
Agriculture, Land Use and Optimal Second-Best Environmental and Climate Policy with Greenhouse Gas Leakage (原題)
Peter K. Kruse-Andersen, Peter Birch Sørensen, Anders Pretzmann Gotfredsen, Francesco Clora, Wusheng Yu
🤖 gxceed AI 要約
日本語
農業は主要なGHG排出源でありながら気候政策で最も規制が進んでいない分野の一つ。本論文は一般均衡モデルで、GHGリーケージ制約下での経済全体の費用効果的な気候政策を分析する。第一最適には多数の税・補助金が必要だが実行困難なため、部門別にGHG税を差別化し他排出物税をピグー水準から乖離させる第二最適政策を提示。シミュレーションでは国内環境の副次的便益が大きく、リーケージ抑制と国内環境便益の間にトレードオフがあることを示す。
English
Agriculture is a major GHG source yet among the least regulated sectors. Using a general equilibrium framework with a national emissions target and a leakage constraint, the authors show the first-best policy requires an impractical instrument set, so they derive an implementable second-best policy: differentiated GHG taxes across sectors and non-Pigouvian taxes on other emissions. Simulations show domestic environmental co-benefits can raise welfare even ignoring warming, but limiting leakage sacrifices these domestic benefits.
Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.
📝 gxceed 編集解説 — Why this matters
日本のGX文脈において
日本では農業・土地利用分野の排出削減はGX実行計画や食料・農業・農村基本計画で議論が始まった段階。本論文のリーケージと部門別課税の枠組みは、SSBJ開示やカーボンプライシング設計を検討する日本の政策担当者にとって、農業を含む経済全体の実装可能な政策設計の参考になる。
In the global GX context
As global carbon pricing expands to hard-to-abate sectors, agriculture remains a frontier. This paper contributes to the disclosure and policy literature by quantifying leakage trade-offs and second-best tax design, relevant to ISSB/CSRD discussions on Scope 3 and land-use emissions, and to jurisdictions considering agricultural carbon pricing.
👥 読者別の含意
🔬研究者:農業・土地利用を含む一般均衡モデルでの第二最適気候政策とリーケージの理論的枠組みを提供する。
🏢実務担当者:農業サプライチェーンに関わる企業は、将来的な部門別炭素税やリーケージ規制の方向性を理解する材料になる。
🏛政策担当者:農業への炭素課税設計とリーケージ抑制のトレードオフを定量的に示し、実装可能な政策オプションを提示する。
📄 Abstract（原文）
Despite being a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, agriculture remains one of the least regulated sectors in climate policy. Designing climate policy for agriculture is challenging due to the interaction between GHG emissions, emissions of other pollutants such as ammonia and nitrate, competing land uses, and the risk of GHG leakage. Within a general equilibrium framework, we analyze cost-effective climate policy for the entire economy with a focus on agriculture, assuming a national GHG emissions target and a target for limiting GHG leakage. The first-best policy requires a large set of tax and subsidy instruments to mitigate GHG leakage from all possible channels. We argue that this set of instruments is unlikely to be implemented in practice. We therefore focus on an implementable second-best policy. We show that accounting for all externalities and leakage effects, it is second-best optimal to differentiate GHG taxes across sectors and to allow taxes on other emissions to deviate from their Pigouvian level. To quantify the second-best policy, we simulate a calibrated version of our theoretical model, with leakage coefficients computed using a large-scale global general equilibrium model. Simulations indicate that the domestic environmental co-benefits of GHG reductions may be sufficiently large to ensure that overall household welfare improves even when disregarding global warming effects. However, the government faces a trade-off: if it wishes to limit GHG leakage, it will have to sacrifice the benefits to the domestic environment that could otherwise be gained from the second-best optimal unilateral climate policy.
🔗 Provenance — このレコードを発見したソース
- openalex https://doi.org/10.65864/4b8m8qsl86first seen 2026-09-12 04:58:23
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