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サブサハラ・アフリカにおける農工業廃棄物発電：持続可能性・技術・循環型バイオエコノミー・実装障壁のレビュー

Agro-industrial Waste-to-Energy in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Sustainability, Technology, Circular Bioeconomy and Implementation Barriers (原題)

Serge N. Nouadjep

Green Energy and Environmental Technology📚 査読済 / ジャーナル2026-10-20#エネルギー転換対象セクター: power
DOI: 10.5772/geet.20260031
原典: https://doi.org/10.5772/geet.20260031
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🤖 gxceed AI 要約

日本語

サブサハラ・アフリカの農工業由来有機廃棄物を対象に、廃棄物発電（WtE）を循環型バイオエコノミーの構成要素として評価したレビュー。嫌気性消化・ガス化・熱分解・バイオディーゼルの変換効率やコスト、GHG削減ポテンシャルを比較し、廃棄物1トン当たり0.3〜2.5t-CO2eqの削減と均等化発電コスト0.04〜0.45ドル/kWhを提示。インフラ不足や高資本要件、分断された政策などの障壁と、モジュール技術や炭素金融、包摂的ガバナンスの機会を整理する。

English

This review assesses agro-industrial waste-to-energy systems in sub-Saharan Africa as part of a circular bioeconomy, comparing anaerobic digestion, gasification, pyrolysis and biodiesel on efficiency, cost and GHG mitigation. It estimates mitigation of 0.3–2.5 t CO2-eq per tonne of waste and levelized costs of US$0.04–0.45/kWh. Key barriers include weak infrastructure, high capital needs and fragmented policy; opportunities include modular technologies, carbon finance and inclusive governance.

Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.

📝 gxceed 編集解説 — Why this matters

日本のGX文脈において

日本企業にとって直接の規制接続は薄いが、アフリカでの脱炭素事業・炭素金融やSouth–South連携の文脈は、商社・製造業の海外GX事業機会評価に参考となる。

In the global GX context

Adds a Global-South perspective to transition-finance and circular-bioeconomy debates, showing how carbon finance and modular WtE can support decarbonization where disclosure and infrastructure are nascent—relevant to ISSB-aligned emerging-market transition narratives.

👥 読者別の含意

🔬研究者:WtE技術の比較評価とMCDA・SWOT手法の適用例として、途上国脱炭素研究の枠組みを学べる。

🏢実務担当者:アフリカ事業展開や炭素金融活用を検討する企業が、WtE事業のコスト・リスク・機会を概観する材料になる。

🏛政策担当者:廃棄物・エネルギー政策の統合や炭素金融制度設計、地域協力の必要性を示す政策示唆を提供する。

📄 Abstract（原文）

Agro-industrial activities in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) generate substantial organic residues whose inadequate management contributes to environmental degradation and public health risks. Meanwhile, the region faces persistent energy deficits and increasing pressure to decarbonize development. This review examines agro-industrial waste-to-energy (WtE) systems as components of a circular bioeconomy, focusing on feedstock characteristics, conversion technologies, emerging innovations, multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), and implementation barriers. Major waste streams, including oil palm residues, cocoa by-products, cassava peels, cereal residues, timber wastes, and animal-derived wastes, are assessed based on physicochemical properties, energy potential, biochemical methane potential, recoverability, and competing uses. Anaerobic digestion, gasification, pyrolysis, and biodiesel production are compared in terms of conversion efficiency, energy yield, operational complexity, costs, and greenhouse gas mitigation potential. The review identifies key barriers, including inadequate infrastructure, high capital requirements, fragmented policies, unreliable feedstock supply, limited technical capacity, and difficulties integrating informal waste-sector actors. Opportunities include modular technologies, innovative business models, carbon finance, and inclusive governance. SWOT analysis and sustainability assessment suggest that appropriately designed WtE systems could mitigate 0.3–2.5 t CO 2 -eq per tonne of waste and achieve levelized energy costs of US$0.04–0.45/kWh. Such systems could strengthen energy security, create rural and peri-urban value chains, and improve waste management. The review recommends context-specific technology deployment, differentiated policies, regional cooperation, capacity development, and South–South knowledge exchange to advance inclusive green growth, climate resilience, and circular bioeconomy development across SSA.

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