二酸化炭素の直接空気回収：プロセス設計とコスト

Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.

🔬研究者:DACの熱力学的最小仕事とコスト構造の関係を定量化し、接触器設計と熱供給の重要性を示す基礎研究。

🏢実務担当者:DAC導入を検討する企業は、熱供給方式と稼働率がコストを大きく左右する点を投資判断に活用できる。

🏛政策担当者:DAC支援策を設計する際、電力価格と稼働率の感度が大きいため、再エネ電源との併設や熱供給インフラの整備が鍵となる。

Every credible pathway to net-zero emissions retains a residual of hard-to-abate emissions, and balancing that residual requires removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Direct air capture is the most engineered of the removal options and the most expensive, and this paper examines why. A thermodynamic analysis shows that separating carbon dioxide from air at 420 parts per million requires a minimum work of 438 kJ per kilogram against 119 kJ per kilogram for coal flue gas at 12 percent, a factor of 3.7. That factor is real but modest, and it does not by itself explain the cost gap between air capture and post-combustion capture, which arises instead from the volume of air that must be moved and from the size of the contactor. A levelised cost model built on stated capital, energy and maintenance assumptions gives 211 US dollars per tonne for an aqueous hydroxide plant with high temperature calcination and 252 dollars per tonne for a solid sorbent plant using natural gas heat, both at 60 dollars per MWh of electricity and a 90 percent capacity factor. Supplying the same sorbent plant with an electric heat pump costs 260 dollars per tonne at that electricity price and becomes the cheaper option below about 48 dollars per MWh, while operating the plant at a 50 percent capacity factor raises the cost to 403 dollars per tonne. Heat supply and capacity factor therefore dominate the outcome, which has direct consequences for how such plants should be sited and operated on a renewable-dominated grid.

• openalex https://doi.org/10.63090/ijtrs/3139.1788.0017first seen 2026-09-10 04:44:35 · last seen 2026-09-11 05:03:48