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Operational Energy and Lifecycle Assessment of Envelope Retrofit Strategies for District-Heated Residential Buildings: Comparison of Expanded Polystyrene and Bio-Based Insulation

地域熱供給住宅の外皮改修戦略の運用エネルギーとライフサイクル評価：発泡ポリスチレンとバイオベース断熱材の比較 (AI 翻訳)

Dimitrije Manić, Mirko Komatina, Jelena Topić Božič, Milica Perić

Processes📚 査読済 / ジャーナル2026-04-22#省エネOrigin: EU経営インパクト: コスト削減対象セクター: construction
DOI: 10.3390/pr14091329
原典: https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14091329
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🤖 gxceed AI 要約

日本語

セルビアの集合住宅を対象に、EPSとセルロース断熱材による外皮改修の効果を動的エネルギーモデルとLCAで評価。改修により暖房需要が約19-20%削減され、気候変動影響が23.6-26.0%低減。断熱材の種類より厚さが重要で、セルロースはバイオ由来炭素貯蔵でわずかに優位。

English

This study evaluates facade insulation retrofits for district-heated residential buildings in Serbia using calibrated dynamic models and LCA. External insulation reduces annual heating demand by 19-20% and climate change impacts by 23.6-26.0%, with thickness more influential than material choice. Cellulose offers modest advantages due to lower embodied emissions and biogenic carbon storage.

Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.

📝 gxceed 編集解説 — Why this matters

日本のGX文脈において

日本の集合住宅の断熱改修やZEH基準の強化に示唆を与える。特に、既存ストックの改修による脱炭素効果を定量的に示しており、省エネ基準や補助金政策の根拠として参考になる。

In the global GX context

This study provides empirical evidence on the effectiveness of envelope retrofits for decarbonizing district-heated residential buildings, relevant to global efforts on building energy efficiency and embodied carbon. It supports policy frameworks like the EU's Energy Performance of Buildings Directive and contributes to lifecycle assessment methodologies.

👥 読者別の含意

🔬研究者:Provides calibrated modeling and LCA methodology for comparing insulation materials and thicknesses in district-heated buildings.

🏢実務担当者:Offers data on cost-effective retrofit thicknesses and material choices for reducing operational energy and carbon.

🏛政策担当者:Informs building retrofit policies and incentives by quantifying energy and carbon savings potential.

📄 Abstract（原文）

Improving the energy performance of existing multi-apartment residential buildings is critical for reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in Central and Eastern Europe, where large stocks of post-war buildings with limited insulation are connected to district heating systems. This study evaluates façade insulation retrofit strategies for two representative typologies in Novi Beograd, Serbia—a high-rise tower and an elongated slab-type (‘lamella’) building—using calibrated dynamic energy models and cradle-to-use lifecycle assessment (LCA) over a 50-year service life. Models were calibrated against measured 2023–2024 heating consumption data (NMBE < 1%, CVRMSE < 15%) and normalized with Typical Meteorological Year weather for consistent scenario comparison. Retrofit scenarios applied expanded polystyrene (EPS) and cellulose insulation at 10, 12, and 15 cm thicknesses. Results show that external insulation reduces annual heating demand by approximately 19–20% compared to the uninsulated baseline (192 kWh/m2·a), with the majority of savings achieved at 10 cm and only marginal gains from additional thickness. Insulation thickness has a stronger influence on operational energy reduction than material choice, as differences between EPS and cellulose remain below 0.5%. LCA indicates 23.6–26.0% lower climate change impacts and 23.6–25.8% reduced cumulative energy demand in retrofit scenarios, with cellulose offering modest advantages due to lower embodied emissions and biogenic carbon storage. These findings support targeted envelope retrofits as an effective strategy for decarbonizing district-heated residential buildings in the region.

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