Overview of Indonesians sustainable nickel mining and processing
インドネシアの持続可能なニッケル採掘と処理の概要 (AI 翻訳)
Tomasz Konewka, Tomasz Czuba, Aneta Oniszczuk-Jastrząbek
🤖 gxceed AI 要約
日本語
ニッケルはEVバッテリーに不可欠な材料であり、インドネシアは世界最大の埋蔵量を持つ。しかし、ラテライト鉱石からの採掘は環境負荷が高く、石炭火力発電所の増加が排出量を増加させている。本稿はインドネシアのグローバルバッテリーバリューチェーンにおける役割、社会的・環境的懸念、持続可能な採掘方法を検討する。
English
Nickel is critical for EV batteries, and Indonesia holds the world's largest reserves. However, mining laterite ores and increasing coal plants raise environmental concerns. This review examines Indonesia's role in the global battery value chain, social/environmental issues, and pathways to more sustainable mining.
Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.
📝 gxceed 編集解説 — Why this matters
日本のGX文脈において
日本はEVバッテリー用ニッケルの主要輸入国であり、インドネシアの持続可能性問題は日本のサプライチェーンリスクに直結する。本稿は日本企業がニッケル調達において環境・社会面を考慮する必要性を示唆している。
In the global GX context
Globally, nickel's critical role in the EV transition faces sustainability challenges in Indonesia, the top producer. This review underscores the tension between clean energy demand and environmental costs, relevant to global supply chain due diligence and responsible sourcing frameworks.
👥 読者別の含意
🔬研究者:持続可能な資源採掘やEVバリューチェーン研究の参考になる。
🏢実務担当者:ニッケル調達における環境・社会的リスク評価に有益。
🏛政策担当者:資源国と消費国双方の政策立案に示唆を与える。
📄 Abstract（原文）
The green transition will require a substantial supply of energy critical materials, including nickel emerging a critical for that. A part of the transition is the electrification of the vehicle industry. The electric vehicle (EV) has been significantly rising on major markets worldwide. In 2023 14.2 million electric vehicles were sold and which was 35 per cent over the previous year (EV-Volumes 2023). Increasing EV sales driving up global battery demand. The battery capacity reached 750 GWh in 2023, a 40 per cent increase comparing to the last year. (International Energy Agency, 2024). To keep up with rising that demand, nickel is a critical material and its production will need to expand. Indonesia is taking part in that growth reaching around half of the global supply of nickel-containing chemistries by 2030. (Transport & Environment 2023). Since 2019 Indonesia has been accelerating its plans to position the country as a key player in global EV value chain. Indonesia holds the world’s largest nickel reserves with an estimated 55 million tons (U 2024). However, not all types of nickel can be used as a material for EV batteries. The way how the nickel is mined from laterite ores leads to increase total costs for nickel production (Mudd 2010). Therefore, Indonesia should focus on including more advanced technologies into the mining process that can reduce the environment impact. The increasing number of newly operating coal plants in Indonesia increased the emissions by 21 per cent in 2022. In addition, they are off-grid coal plants which supply energy to domestic metal industry and large infrastructure projects. The key purposes of this review paper are threefold: firstly, to investigate the increasing role of Indonesia in the global battery value chain; secondly to identify the social and environmental concerns related to adopted nickel mining technology, and thirdly, to identify the ways to maintain future Indonesian mining more sustainable.
🔗 Provenance — このレコードを発見したソース
- openalex https://doi.org/10.24425/gsm.2026.1428first seen 2026-07-24 05:28:31
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