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気候危機と特許独占：TRIPS枠組み下におけるグリーン技術の強制実施権の再評価

THE CLIMATE CRISIS AND PATENT MONOPOLIES: REASSESSING COMPULSORY LICENSING FOR GREEN TECHNOLOGIES UNDER THE TRIPS FRAMEWORK (原題)

Biswarup Saha

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)📚 査読済 / ジャーナル2026-10-16#政策
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23408916
原典: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23408916

🤖 gxceed AI 要約

日本語

気候危機の深刻化に対し、TRIPS協定の特許独占がグリーン技術の途上国移転を妨げていると指摘。TRIPS第31条とインド特許法第92条の強制実施権を分析し、UNFCCCの技術移転目標との衝突、営業秘密、グリーン特許の集中、ISDS訴訟の影響を検討。最後に気候変動に関する拘束力ある「ドーハ宣言」を提言する。

English

Argues that TRIPS patent monopolies block transfer of climate mitigation technologies to the Global South. Analyzes compulsory licensing under TRIPS Article 31 and India's Patents Act Section 92, examining conflicts with UNFCCC technology-transfer goals, trade-secret objections, green-patent concentration, and ISDS litigation. Recommends a binding 'Doha Declaration on Climate Change' to align trade law with climate mitigation needs.

Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.

📝 gxceed 編集解説 — Why this matters

日本のGX文脈において

日本企業はグリーン技術の特許ポートフォリオを競争力の源泉とする一方、途上国への技術移転圧力が高まる可能性がある。強制実施権の議論は、日本の技術輸出戦略や国際的な知財ガバナンス対応を考える上で示唆に富む。

In the global GX context

Speaks directly to the tension between IP-driven green innovation and the technology-transfer commitments under UNFCCC/Paris. Relevant to global debates on climate finance, tech transfer, and whether TRIPS flexibilities should be expanded—an issue that could reshape licensing strategies for green-tech holders in the EU, US, and Japan.

👥 読者別の含意

🔬研究者:国際知財法と気候ガバナンスの交差点における強制実施権の法的妥当性と限界を整理できる。

🏢実務担当者:グリーン技術を保有する企業は、途上国市場での特許戦略や強制実施権リスクを法務・知財部門で検討する材料になる。

🏛政策担当者:TRIPS柔軟性とUNFCCC技術移転目標の整合を図る通商・気候政策の論点を提供する。

📄 Abstract（原文）

The increase in global climate crisis requires rapid distribution and adoption of climate change mitigation technologies which are blocked from being transferred to the growing and developing nations across the world due to patent monopolies established by the World Trade Organisation's Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement. This research article offers a clear legal and policy analysis of the conflict between the international patent protections and the Global South's urgent need to access climate technologies through the method of compulsory licensing. This analysis evaluates using provisions under Article 31 of the TRIPS Agreement and Section 92 of the Indian Patents Act, 1970, which allows domestic manufacturers to utilise foreign-owned green patents without the need of express consent. This article also explores the conflict between the transfer goals of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) technology and enforcement of TRIPS, the objections regarding undisclosed trade secrets, the concentration of green patent ownership, and the effect of Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) lawsuits. At the end, this article recommends a binding 'Doha Declaration on Climate Change' to achieve global trade law alignment with the urgent need for mitigating climate change through technology.

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