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Resource Utilization of Red Mud in Low-Carbon Binders: A Review of Reaction Mechanisms, Performance, and Microstructure

低炭素バインダーにおけるレッドマッドの資源利用：反応メカニズム、性能、微細構造のレビュー (AI 翻訳)

Zhiping Li

Buildings📚 査読済 / ジャーナル2026-05-27#エネルギー転換Origin: Global経営インパクト: コスト削減対象セクター: construction
DOI: 10.3390/buildings16112140
原典: https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16112140

🤖 gxceed AI 要約

日本語

本レビューは、セメント産業のCO2排出削減に向け、産業廃棄物であるレッドマッド（RM）を活用した低炭素バインダーについて、反応メカニズム、性能、微細構造の観点から体系的に整理した。RMの含有率が15～20%以下であれば作業性と強度が維持される一方、30%以上では空隙が増加し耐久性が低下する。熱活性化や高炉スラグ等との併用が有効で、構造・非構造用途への可能性を示す。

English

This review systematically examines red mud (RM)-based low-carbon binders for cement CO2 reduction, covering reaction mechanisms, performance, and microstructure. Moderate RM content (≤15-20%) preserves workability and strength, while higher contents (≥30%) increase porosity and reduce durability. Thermal activation and blending with slag or phosphogypsum mitigate drawbacks, showing potential for structural and non-structural applications.

Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.

📝 gxceed 編集解説 — Why this matters

日本のGX文脈において

日本ではセメント産業の脱炭素が急務であり、産業副産物の活用は循環経済とGXの両立に寄与する。本レビューは、国内のセメント・建設業界がRMをはじめとする廃棄物の有効利用を進める際の技術的知見を提供する。

In the global GX context

Globally, the cement industry faces pressure to reduce CO2 emissions, and valorizing industrial wastes like red mud aligns with circular economy and low-carbon transition goals. This review provides a consolidated knowledge base for developing low-carbon binders, supporting global efforts in sustainable construction materials.

👥 読者別の含意

🔬研究者:Provides a comprehensive overview of RM-based binders, highlighting research gaps in long-term durability and scale-up.

🏢実務担当者:Offers practical insights on optimal RM content and activation strategies for developing low-carbon concrete products.

🏛政策担当者:Supports policy on industrial waste valorization and low-carbon construction materials.

📄 Abstract（原文）

The cement industry plays a critical role in infrastructure development, but is a major contributor to CO2 emissions, driving the search for low-carbon binders that can also valorize industrial wastes. This review examines the engineering performance of red mud (RM)-based binder systems, highlighting the relationships between mixture design, processing, fresh-state behavior, mechanical properties, durability, and microstructural evolution. Special attention is given to how RM’s particle characteristics and mineralogical/chemical composition influence reactivity during geopolymerization, thereby affecting strength development and pore structure. Across the literature, moderate RM incorporation (commonly ≤15–20%) generally preserves workable fresh properties and adequate compressive strength, whereas higher RM contents (≥30%) often increase total porosity and pore connectivity, resulting in reductions in strength and durability. To mitigate these drawbacks, effective strategies such as thermal activation of RM and synergistic blending with supplementary cementitious materials like ground granulated blast-furnace slag and phosphogypsum are consistently reported to enhance reaction extent, densify the gel matrix, refine pore structure, and improve long-term durability. Overall, RM-based cementitious binders demonstrate considerable potential for both structural and non-structural applications; however, further research is needed on long-term performance under realistic exposure conditions, scale-up and quality control to address RM variability, and performance-based mix design guidelines to support reliable field implementation.

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