VALUASI EKONOMI PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT DI KECAMATAN PARINDU, KABUPATEN SANGGAU

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🔬研究者:Environmental economists studying externalities of agricultural commodities will find the mixed-methods valuation approach instructive.

🏢実務担当者:Companies in the palm oil supply chain can use the externality framework to assess sustainability risks and inform sourcing decisions.

🏛政策担当者:Indonesian policymakers can leverage the quantified externalities to strengthen spatial planning and sustainable plantation regulations.

Abstrak : Perkebunan kelapa sawit telah menjadi sektor strategis dalam pembangunan ekonomi Indonesia, termasuk di Kecamatan Parindu, Kabupaten Sanggau, Kalimantan Barat. Sejak diperkenalkan melalui skema PIR-BUN pada tahun 1980-an, wilayah ini telah mengalami transformasi besar, baik dalam pemanfaatan lahan maupun struktur sosial ekonomi masyarakat setempat. Saat ini, perkebunan kelapa sawit mendominasi lebih dari separuh luas wilayah Parindu, memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan pendapatan dan kesempatan kerja. Namun, di samping manfaat-manfaat tersebut, berbagai eksternalitas negatif juga muncul, mulai dari degradasi lingkungan dan konflik sosial hingga kerentanan ekonomi akibat fluktuasi harga minyak sawit mentah (CPO). Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji eksternalitas perkebunan kelapa sawit di Parindu secara komprehensif dengan menggunakan pendekatan metode campuran. Penilaian dilakukan melalui Metode Penilaian Kontinjensi (Contingent Valuation Method/CVM) untuk mengukur kesediaan masyarakat untuk membayar kompensasi lingkungan, Metode Biaya Penggantian (Replacement Cost Method/RCM) untuk memperkirakan biaya restorasi lahan terdegradasi, Penetapan Harga Hedonik untuk mengkaji dampak eksternalitas terhadap nilai lahan, dan penilaian emisi karbon berdasarkan standar IPCC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa eksternalitas negatif atau total kerugian di Parindu mencapai sekitar Rp129 miliar per tahun, yang berasal dari biaya sosial, degradasi lahan, penurunan nilai lahan, dan emisi karbon. Studi ini menyoroti pentingnya mengintegrasikan penilaian eksternalitas ke dalam perencanaan tata ruang dan kebijakan perkebunan berkelanjutan. Rekomendasi utama meliputi promosi praktik ramah lingkungan, penguatan hak atas tanah adat, dan pemanfaatan insentif karbon sebagai peluang ekonomi baru. Dengan demikian, pengelolaan kelapa sawit di Parindu harus diarahkan tidak hanya untuk meningkatkan produksi tetapi juga untuk keberlanjutan sosial dan ekologis jangka panjang. Abstract : Oil palm plantations have become a strategic sector in Indonesia’s economic development, including in Parindu Subdistrict, Sanggau Regency, West Kalimantan. Since their introduction through the PIR-BUN scheme in the 1980s, this region has undergone major transformations in both land use and the socio-economic structure of local communities. Today, oil palm plantations dominate more than half of Parindu’s land area, contributing significantly to income growth and employment opportunities. However, alongside these benefits, various negative externalities have also emerged, ranging from environmental degradation and social conflicts to economic vulnerability due to fluctuating crude palm oil (CPO) prices. This study aims to comprehensively assess the externalities of oil palm plantations in Parindu using a mixed methods approach. Valuation was conducted through the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to measure the community’s willingness to pay for environmental compensation, the Replacement Cost Method (RCM) to estimate restoration costs of degraded land, Hedonic Pricing to examine the impact of externalities on land values, and carbon emission valuation based on IPCC standards. The results reveal that negative externalities or total losses in Parindu amount to approximately IDR 129 billion per year, derived from social costs, land degradation, declining land values, and carbon emissions. This study highlights the importance of integrating externality valuation into spatial planning and sustainable plantation policies. Key recommendations include promoting environmentally friendly practices, strengthening indigenous land rights, and leveraging carbon incentives as new economic opportunities. Thus, the management of oil palm in Parindu should be directed not only toward increasing production but also toward long-term social and ecological sustainability. 

• semanticscholar https://doi.org/10.31764/jeptec.v3i1.36787first seen 2026-06-18 06:06:32