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インドの中小企業鉄鋼セクターにおけるグリーンスチールに向けて：クラスター構造、製品フロー、エネルギー使用、炭素フットプリントの批判的レビュー

Towards Green Steel in India’s Small and Medium Enterprise Steel Sector: A Critical Review of Cluster Structures, Product Flows, Energy Use and Carbon Footprints (原題)

Rushikesh Mundane, Ashok Sharma, Nawshad Haque, Khalid Moinuddin, Harpreet Kandra, Ayon Chakraborty

Sustainability📚 査読済 / ジャーナル2026-09-05#エネルギー転換Origin: Global経営インパクト: 調達リスク対象セクター: steel
DOI: 10.3390/su18179124
原典: https://doi.org/10.3390/su18179124

🤖 gxceed AI 要約

日本語

インドの中小鉄鋼セクター（二次鉄鋼）は国内完成鋼の約65%を供給するが、その環境負荷は未解明だった。本レビューは、石炭ベースDRI、誘導炉、電気炉、圧延、鋳造、鍛造など8500以上のユニットを対象に、プロセスルート、地域クラスター、製品フロー、エネルギー・炭素フットプリントを統合的に整理。2019-2020年のエネルギー消費は約11.8Mtoe、CO2排出は約58.2Mtと推定され、石炭ベースDRIが排出の約52%を占め、比エネルギー消費は国際基準の約2倍。水使用のデータ不足も指摘。このルート別・クラスター別のベースラインは、中小鉄鋼のグリーン生産経路の特定とネットゼロ計画のための測定優先事項に寄与する。

English

India's SME steel sector supplies ~65% of finished steel but its environmental footprint is poorly characterized. This review consolidates evidence on process routes, clusters, product flows, energy and carbon footprints across 8500+ units (coal-based DRI, induction furnaces, EAF, re-rolling, foundry, forging). For 2019-2020, energy use was ~11.8 Mtoe and CO2 emissions ~58.2 Mt, with coal-based DRI contributing ~52% of emissions and ~2x international specific energy benchmarks. Water use data gaps are highlighted. The route- and cluster-resolved baseline supports identifying green production pathways and measurement priorities for net-zero planning.

Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.

📝 gxceed 編集解説 — Why this matters

日本のGX文脈において

日本は鉄鋼業の脱炭素で高炉水素還元など大規模技術に注力するが、中小鉄鋼（電炉・圧延など）の排出削減も重要。本レビューのクラスター別・ルート別のベースライン構築手法は、日本の中小鉄鋼の排出インベントリ整備やSSBJ対応のScope 1・2算定に参考となる。また、インドの中小鉄鋼の実態は日本企業のサプライチェーン排出（Scope 3）把握にも関連する。

In the global GX context

Globally, green steel transitions focus on large integrated plants, but the SME segment is critical in emerging economies. This review provides a rigorous baseline of energy and carbon footprints for India's secondary steel sector, which is essential for designing effective decarbonization policies and for global supply chain emissions accounting. The methodology for cluster- and route-resolved assessment can inform similar efforts in other developing countries and contribute to international net-zero planning.

👥 読者別の含意

🔬研究者:Provides a comprehensive baseline of energy and carbon footprints for India's SME steel sector, useful for further research on green production pathways and measurement priorities.

🏢実務担当者:Offers insights into the environmental hotspots and efficiency gaps in secondary steel production, which can inform corporate sustainability strategies and supply chain engagement.

🏛政策担当者:Highlights the need for targeted policies and measurement frameworks for SME steel decarbonization, which is often overlooked in national strategies.

📄 Abstract（原文）

Green steel transitions in emerging economies are currently planned around large integrated plants, while the small and medium enterprise (SME) segment that dominates finished steel output remains poorly characterized. This review consolidates the environmental evidence on India’s secondary steel sector, which supplies nearly 65% of national finished steel through more than 8500 units spanning coal-based direct reduced iron (DRI), induction furnace, electric arc furnace, steel re-rolling, foundry, and forging operations. Using an integrative scoping design that combines the peer-reviewed literature, government publications, industrial energy audits, and cluster assessments, the review maps process routes, regional clusters, product flows, and energy and carbon footprints, identifying the source, reference year, system boundary, and confidence level of each principal value. The sector consumed approximately 11.8 Mtoe (137,234 GWh) and emitted an estimated 58.2 Mt CO2 in 2019–2020, with coal-based DRI contributing about 52% of sector emissions, 60% of steelmaking-route emissions, and roughly twice the specific energy consumption of international benchmarks. Water use remains a critical evidence gap. The resulting route- and cluster-resolved baseline provides the foundation from which green production pathways for SME steel systems can be identified and the plant-level measurement priorities that credible net-zero planning requires can be specified.

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