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From Building Services to Process Loads: Whole-Building Utility-Calibrated Simulation of Operational Decarbonisation Limits in a UK Restaurant Retrofit

ビルサービスからプロセス負荷へ：英国のレストラン改修における運用脱炭素化限界の全館ユーティリティキャリブレーションシミュレーション (AI 翻訳)

Harshul Singhal, Ali Badiei

プレプリント2026-06-08#省エネOrigin: Global
DOI: 10.20944/preprints202606.0559.v1
原典: https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202606.0559.v1

🤖 gxceed AI 要約

日本語

ロンドンのレストランを対象に、全館のユーティリティデータでキャリブレーションしたモデルを使い、断熱、LED照明、ヒートポンプ、太陽光発電などの改修パッケージの効果をシミュレーション。その結果、建物側対策だけでは厨房などのプロセス負荷が残り、脱炭素化に限界があることを示し、Residual-Load Index (RLI) を提案した。

English

This study develops a utility-calibrated whole-building energy model for a London restaurant to test decarbonization retrofit packages. Results show that building-focused measures improve operational carbon by 24%, but process loads from kitchen and catering remain dominant, indicating a decarbonization ceiling. The Residual-Load Index (RLI) quantifies this shift.

Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.

📝 gxceed 編集解説 — Why this matters

日本のGX文脈において

日本の飲食店脱炭素施策でも、建物外皮や空調効率化だけでは不十分で、調理機器や換気、冷蔵設備の対策が不可欠であることを示唆。RLI指標は日本でもサブセクター別改修政策に応用可能。

In the global GX context

For global GX, this paper highlights that building retrofit policies must account for process loads in hospitality. The RLI metric offers a transferable tool for sub-sector-specific decarbonization strategies, complementing broader standards from ISSB or SEC.

👥 読者別の含意

🔬研究者:Provides a methodology for utility-calibrated simulation and the RLI metric for building decarbonization research.

🏢実務担当者:Restaurant owners and energy managers can use the RLI to target process load reductions beyond building envelope upgrades.

🏛政策担当者:The decarbonization ceiling concept should inform building energy codes and retrofit subsidies for commercial hospitality.

📄 Abstract（原文）

Restaurants combine long opening hours, catering demand, kitchen ventilation, DHW and mixed-fuel cooking loads, making their decarbonisation different from generic commercial retrofit. This single-case study develops a whole-building utility-calibrated OpenStudio/EnergyPlus model for Beit El Zaytoun, a 655.82 m² restaurant in Park Royal, London. Monthly electricity and gas data for June 2024–May 2025 were used to anchor the baseline at whole-building level. Standalone and cumulative scenarios tested insulation, low-emissivity double glazing, LED lighting and controls, ASHP service scenarios and an 11 kWp PV array. Baseline demand was 413,895 kWh/yr, equivalent to 631.1 kWh/m²·yr and 75,020 kgCO₂e/yr. The best building-focused package reduced net imported energy to 314,734 kWh/yr and operational carbon to 56,700 kgCO₂e/yr, a retained 24.0% reduction on the source reporting basis. The model-derived residual process load, kitchen and catering gas plus kitchen and back-of-house electricity, remained 233,920 kWh/yr across building-focused scenarios. The Residual-Load Index (RLI) rose from 0.57 to 0.74; with ±15% process-load allocation uncertainty, the optimised RLI range was 0.63–0.85, so the post-retrofit balance remained process-load dominated. The case demonstrates a practical decarbonisation ceiling likely to recur in similar high-process-load hospitality premises: fabric, lighting, heat electrification and PV are necessary but insufficient without catering-equipment, cooking-fuel, kitchen-ventilation, refrigeration-control, sub-metering and demand-response strategies. The paper contributes whole-building utility-calibrated quantitative evidence and a transferable RLI metric for sub-sector-specific retrofit policy.

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