Spatiotemporal Analysis of the Carbon Footprint of Soybean Production in China Based on Life Cycle Assessment

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🔬研究者:LCA methodology for agricultural carbon footprint and regional comparison across Chinese provinces.

🏢実務担当者:Insights into emission hotspots (fertilizers, soil N2O) for soy supply chain carbon reduction.

🏛政策担当者:Data-driven basis for agricultural green transition policies, especially fertilizer management.

全球气候变化与“双碳”目标的背景下，农业温室气体排放问题日益受到关注。大豆作为我国重要的粮油作物，其生产过程中的碳排放问题对农业绿色低碳发展具有重要影响。尽管近年来关于农业碳足迹的研究逐渐增多，但现有研究多集中于单一区域或作物生产的特定阶段，对我国大豆主产区生产系统碳足迹的分析仍相对有限。本研究采用生命周期评价（LCA）方法，利用2014—2023年的农业投入数据，对我国10个大豆主产省的大豆生产系统碳足迹进行核算与分析。研究基于农业投入碳排放和土壤N₂O排放两个关键方面，构建了碳足迹核算体系，并进一步分析了碳足迹的时间变化趋势、区域差异及各组成部分的贡献特征。结果表明，我国大豆生产的平均碳足迹约为528 kg CO₂eq/ha（范围为273—855）和0.25 kg CO₂eq/kg大豆（范围为0.13—0.46）。具体而言，单位面积和单位产量的碳足迹均呈下降趋势，表明大豆生产的低碳效率持续提升。在空间上，大豆生产碳足迹存在显著的区域差异。河南、安徽和内蒙古的碳足迹相对较低，而陕西和山西的碳足迹相对较高。在构成方面，化肥投入和土壤N₂O排放是大豆生产碳足迹的主要来源，其中化肥投入是最大来源，约占40%—60%，土壤N₂O排放是第二大来源。总体来看，各地区在自然条件、农业投入结构和生产方式上的差异导致碳足迹构成呈现出明显的区域特征。本研究结果为中国大豆生产系统的低碳转型提供了科学依据，并为绿色农业发展相关政策的制定提供参考。

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Against the backdrop of global climate change and the “dual carbon” goals, the issue of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions has garnered increasing attention. As a major grain and oilseed crop in China, carbon emissions from soybean production have a significant impact on the green and low-carbon development of agriculture. Although research on agricultural carbon footprints has grown in recent years, existing studies have largely focused on single regions or specific stages of crop production, and analyses of the carbon footprint of production systems in China’s major soybean-producing regions remain relatively limited. This study employs the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology to calculate and analyze the carbon footprint of soybean production systems across China’s 10 major soybean-producing provinces, utilizing agricultural input data from 2014 to 2023. The study establishes a carbon footprint accounting system based on two key aspects: carbon emissions from agricultural inputs and soil N2O emissions. It further analyzes the temporal trends, regional variations, and contribution characteristics of each component within the carbon footprint. The results indicate that the average carbon footprint of soybean production in China is approximately 528 kg CO2eq/ha (ranging from 273 to 855) and 0.25 CO2eq/kg of soybean (ranging from 0.13 to 0.46). Specifically, the carbon footprint per unit of area and yield declined simultaneously, indicating a continuous improvement in the low-carbon efficiency of soybean production. Spatially, there are significant regional differences in the carbon footprint of soybean production. Henan, Anhui, and Inner Mongolia have relatively low carbon footprints, while Shaanxi and Shanxi have relatively high levels. In terms of composition, chemical fertilizer inputs and soil N2O emissions are the primary sources of the carbon footprint in soybean production, with chemical fertilizer inputs being the largest source, accounting for approximately 40–60%, and soil N2O emissions being the second major source. Overall, differences among regions in natural conditions, agricultural input structures, and production methods result in distinct regional characteristics in the carbon footprint composition. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for the low-carbon transition of China’s soybean production system and serve as a reference for the formulation of policies related to green agricultural development.

• openalex https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15111979first seen 2026-06-23 05:43:33