下水処理場のグリーン・低炭素評価：方法論・指標・意思決定支援フレームワークの批判的レビュー

Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.

🔬研究者:炭素会計・指標・MLモデリングの分断を統合する研究課題とMCDM比較の整理が得られる。

🏢実務担当者:下水処理施設の排出把握手法の選択と、評価結果を投資・運転改善に結びつける枠組みの参考になる。

🏛政策担当者:水インフラ脱炭素の標準化・動的評価・データ共有の政策優先課題を把握できる。

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) contribute approximately 5% of global non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions, driving an urgent need for robust assessment methodologies to guide their transition from pollution control toward low-carbon resource recovery. This review provides a comprehensive examination of WWTP green and low-carbon assessment methodologies, indicator systems, and decision support frameworks, based on a systematic literature review of 150 peer-reviewed articles. Carbon accounting methods span from emission factor approaches—widely used but limited by parameter localization issues—to direct measurement, mass balance, modeling, and life cycle assessment. Indicator systems have evolved from single carbon footprint metrics to multi-dimensional frameworks encompassing environmental, economic, technical, and social dimensions, though social indicators remain underdeveloped. Data-driven methods—including machine learning, soft sensing, and digital twins—are enabling real-time emission prediction and process optimization, but they face persistent challenges in data quality, model interpretability, cross-plant generalization, and data privacy. Despite these advances, the field remains fragmented: carbon accounting, indicator development, and data-driven modeling communities largely operate in isolation, and policy frameworks often lack methodological grounding. To address this, the review proposes an integrated “assessment–diagnosis–optimization” framework that links evaluation results to actionable decisions. Key priorities include standardized frameworks, dynamic assessment, hybrid mechanistic data-driven models, privacy-preserving data sharing, and validation against full-scale operational data. A comparative analysis of MCDM applications is presented, and the suitability of each method for different decision-making contexts is discussed. Moving beyond fragmented approaches toward integrated frameworks is essential for transforming WWTPs into carbon-neutral, climate-smart infrastructures.

• openalex https://doi.org/10.3390/su182111294first seen 2026-11-07 04:54:15