EU・ブラジル・中国における政治経済とハイブリッド炭素価格ガバナンス

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🔬研究者:炭素価格制度の設計と政治経済制約の関係を、ガバナンス指標と制度コーディングで比較する分析枠組みの参考になる。

🏢実務担当者:EU・中国・ブラジルの炭素価格制度差を踏まえ、内部炭素価格やScope1排出コストの地域別シナリオ検討に活用できる。

🏛政策担当者:GX-ETSや炭素賦課金の設計で、財源還流・補償措置などハイブリッド要素の政治実現性を検討する際の比較材料となる。

This paper investigates how political economy constraints shape the design and implementation of carbon pricing mechanisms, focusing on hybrid governance strategies in the European Union, Brazil, and China. We conduct a multi method comparative analysis that integrates systematic policy document analysis, legislative coding, and governance indicator extraction from the Worldwide Governance Indicators dataset spanning 1996 to 2023. The analysis examines whether hybrid governance strategies combining carbon pricing with revenue recycling, compensation mechanisms, regulatory safeguards, and complementary instruments may enhance political acceptability, durability, and environmental effectiveness relative to pure pricing instruments.. Our analysis confirms that carbon taxes and emissions trading systems dominate implemented mechanisms, with hybrid designs increasingly prevalent across all three jurisdictions. For the EU ETS, the Market Stability Reserve functions as an implicit price floor, while the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism represents a border adjustment feature. Brazil’s Sistema Brasileiro de Comércio de Emissões, established in 2024, operates as a cap and trade system with mandatory emissions reporting and compliance obligations. China’s national ETS, launched in July 2021, functions as an intensity based system with tradable performance standards, signaling a shift toward absolute emissions caps from 2027. Governance indicator analysis reveals that the EU scores high on institutional capacity, Brazil scores medium, and China scores medium to high these differences correlate with observed carbon pricing design choices. Furthermore, the natural capital accounting analysis demonstrates that all three jurisdictions predominantly employ weak sustainability framing, with none explicitly incorporating strong sustainability language or critical natural capital thresholds. The findings suggest that political economy constraints are closely associated with carbon pricing design and that hybrid governance strategies may support political feasibility and policy durability. However, because the study does not directly compare performance outcomes or employ causal testing, it does not establish that hybrid strategies outperform pure pricing instruments.This study contributes to evidence based policy design for jurisdictions seeking to implement ambitious climate policy while navigating real world political constraints.

• openalex https://journals.ai-mrc.com/index.php/finanomics/article/view/1169first seen 2026-10-25 04:36:04