Desalination and Carbon Footprint: A Meta-Analysis of Plant‑Scale Operational Emissions for MSF and RO Technologies
淡水化とカーボンフットプリント：MSFおよびRO技術のプラント規模の運用排出量に関するメタ分析 (AI 翻訳)
Obinna Iheanacho Anyanwu, Martin Chidinma Iwuji, Godswill Nnabuihe Nwaji, John Didacus Njoku, Emmanuel Enyioma Anyanwu
🤖 gxceed AI 要約
日本語
このメタ分析は、逆浸透法（RO）と多段フラッシュ蒸留法（MSF）の淡水化技術の運用炭素排出強度を定量化しました。ROは2.52 kg CO₂-eq/m³、MSFは8.98 kg CO₂-eq/m³と推定され、熱エネルギー依存性の違いが反映されています。これらの結果は、低炭素インフラ投資の意思決定に役立つベンチマークを提供します。
English
This meta-analysis quantifies operational carbon emission intensities for reverse osmosis (RO) and multi-stage flash (MSF) desalination technologies. RO averages 2.52 kg CO₂-eq/m³, while MSF averages 8.98 kg CO₂-eq/m³, reflecting differences in energy sources. The findings provide benchmarks for utilities and policymakers to guide low-carbon infrastructure investment.
Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.
📝 gxceed 編集解説 — Why this matters
日本のGX文脈において
日本の水供給においても淡水化技術の導入が進む可能性があり、本研究成果は運用時の炭素排出ベンチマークとして、環境報告やカーボンフットプリント評価に活用できます。
In the global GX context
This paper provides plant-scale carbon intensity data for desalination technologies, enabling better carbon accounting in water utilities and supporting climate-aligned infrastructure decisions globally.
👥 読者別の含意
🔬研究者:Practitioners can use these benchmarks for life-cycle assessment and carbon reporting.
🏢実務担当者:Water utilities can use these benchmarks to evaluate technology choices and report carbon footprints.
🏛政策担当者:This paper supports integration of desalination into national decarbonization strategies.
📄 Abstract（原文）
As global freshwater scarcity intensifies, driven by rapid population growth, climate change, and industrialization, desalination has increasingly become a critical water supply strategy, particularly in arid and water-stressed regions. Despite its growing adoption, desalination remains highly energy-intensive, especially due to its operational processes that contribute significantly to carbon emissions, raising significant concerns about its environmental sustainability. Available life-cycle carbon intensity estimates vary widely across studies due to differences in plant design, energy sources, system boundaries, inconsistent definitions, and outdated data, which limit comparability. We present a plant- and pilot-scale meta-analysis to quantify operational carbon dioxide emission intensities (CO₂-eq/m³) for reverse osmosis (RO) and multi-stage flash (MSF) desalination technologies. For multi-effect distillation (MED), membrane distillation (MD), electrodialysis (ED), and nanofiltration (NF), available data are primarily modeled or experimental; as such, they were synthesized qualitatively and shown for context but not pooled. Results show that reverse osmosis (RO) has an operational carbon intensity of 2.52 kg CO₂-eq/m³ (95% CI: 1.28–3.76), while multi-stage flash (MSF) averages 8.98 kg CO₂-eq/m³ (95% CI: 4.66–13.30). The higher MSF values reflect reliance on thermal energy, whereas RO emissions align with electricity intensity and specific energy consumption. Sensitivity analyses confirm the robustness of these estimates. For MED, MD, ED, and NF, reported values were highly sensitive to energy source assumptions and system boundaries. These results establish transparent, plant-scale carbon benchmarks for desalination technologies under real-world energy pathways. The findings provide a decision-relevant framework for utilities and policymakers to evaluate technology selection, guide low-carbon infrastructure investment, and align desalination expansion with climate mitigation targets.
🔗 Provenance — このレコードを発見したソース
- crossref https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2026/v28i61914first seen 2026-05-28 05:35:52 · last seen 2026-05-31 05:00:24
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