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Green removal of Basic Blue 41 using activated carbon prepared from bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) peel: optimization and mechanism investigation

ビターオレンジ（Citrus aurantium）の皮から調製した活性炭によるBasic Blue 41のグリーン除去：最適化とメカニズムの解明 (AI 翻訳)

Hawraa Fadhil Najm

Chemical Interactions📚 査読済 / ジャーナル2026-06-07#その他
DOI: 10.64354/dczdqx46
原典: https://doi.org/10.64354/dczdqx46

🤖 gxceed AI 要約

日本語

本研究では、廃棄されるビターオレンジの皮から活性炭を調製し、塩基性染料BB41の吸着除去を検討した。Langmuirモデルにより最大吸着容量は256.4 mg/g、5回の再生後も82%の効率を維持した。静電相互作用やπ-πスタッキング等の複合機構が示唆された。

English

Activated carbon was prepared from bitter orange peel and tested for removal of Basic Blue 41 dye. Maximum monolayer capacity was 256.4 mg/g, and the adsorbent retained 82% efficiency after five cycles. The adsorption mechanism involved multiple interactions including electrostatic attraction and π-π stacking.

Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.

📝 gxceed 編集解説 — Why this matters

日本のGX文脈において

日本では食品廃棄物の有効活用が進んでおり、本研究成果は未利用バイオマスの資源化に示唆を与える。ただし、GX政策との直接的な連動は薄い。

In the global GX context

This study demonstrates valorization of agricultural waste for water treatment, but has limited direct relevance to global decarbonization or climate disclosure frameworks.

👥 読者別の含意

🔬研究者:Provides a case study of agro-waste-derived adsorbent for dye removal, useful for those working on circular bioeconomy.

📄 Abstract（原文）

The discharge of synthetic dyes from textile and associated industries is still a serious environmental problem. There is considerable interest in the conversion of agricultural leftovers to cheap and effective adsorbents. In this work, activated carbon was prepared from the peel of bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) by chemical activation with ZnCl2 and its adsorption ability for the cationic dye Basic Blue 41 (BB41) from aqueous solution was studied. FTIR, XRD and FESEM characterisation of the prepared carbon (CAP-AC) indicated that the surface was oxygen-rich, very porous and mostly amorphous. Batch tests were conducted to optimise the essential operating variables including solution pH, adsorbent dosage, starting concentration, contact time and temperature. The maximum uptake was achieved at pH ~ 9, where the negatively charged surface (pHₚᴢᴄ=6.2) was conducive to electrostatic attraction to the protonated dye. The equilibrium data was best described by the Langmuir model, which corresponds to a monolayer capacity of 256.4 mg g-1 at 318 K, although the kinetics followed the pseudo second-order expression. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the reaction was spontaneous and endothermic (ΔH° = +21.7 kJ mol-1). The mechanistic interpretation revealed that the sorption was performed through the coaction of electrostatic contact, π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding and pore filling. The carbon retained about 82% of its initial efficiency after five regeneration cycles. These findings confirm that bitter orange peel, an abundant and otherwise discarded by-product, can be converted into an efficient and environmentally friendly adsorbent for the treatment of dye-laden wastewater.

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