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農業慣行から炭素クレジットへ：インド農業炭素市場の系統的レビュー

From agronomic practices to carbon credits: A systematic review of agricultural carbon markets in India (原題)

R Sneha, N. Kiruthika, S P Sethuraman, Kandaswamy Mahendran, Samiappan Senthilnathan

Plant Science Today📚 査読済 / ジャーナル2026-10-03#炭素会計経営インパクト: 調達リスク対象セクター: agriculture
DOI: 10.14719/pst.16451
原典: https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.16451

🤖 gxceed AI 要約

日本語

本論文はインド農業における炭素市場のメカニズム、参加を可能にする農法、GHG削減機会、土壌炭素隔離、制度的ギャップをPRISMA準拠で系統的にレビューした。保全農業やAWD、バイオ炭、精密施肥、アグロフォレストリーが排出削減と土壌健全性を両立しうる一方、MRVの脆弱性、小規模農家の排除、追加性や永続性への懸念が市場成長を制約している。ブロックチェーンやAI活用の透明性ツールが信頼性向上に寄与しうると指摘し、MRV標準化など4つの優先課題を提示する。

English

This PRISMA-guided systematic review synthesises evidence on agricultural carbon markets in India, covering market mechanisms, enabling agronomic practices, GHG mitigation, soil carbon sequestration, and policy gaps. Practices like conservation agriculture, AWD, biochar, and agroforestry can cut emissions while improving soil health, but weak MRV, poor smallholder inclusion, additionality concerns, and absent regulation constrain growth. Blockchain and AI tools may boost credibility; four priority areas for future work are identified.

Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.

📝 gxceed 編集解説 — Why this matters

日本のGX文脈において

日本では農業由来の排出削減やJ-クレジットの農林分野拡張が議論されており、MRV標準化や小規模事業者包摂の論点は国内制度設計にも示唆を与える。インドの事例はアジアの農業炭素市場の先行課題を映す。

In the global GX context

As global carbon markets expand under Article 6 and voluntary frameworks, this review highlights MRV and inclusion gaps that parallel challenges in ISSB/CSRD-linked supply-chain disclosure. It offers a Global South perspective on how agricultural carbon credits could integrate with transition finance and corporate Scope 3 strategies.

👥 読者別の含意

🔬研究者:農業炭素市場のMRV・追加性・包摂性に関する研究ギャップと方法論的課題を整理する基礎資料となる。

🏢実務担当者:農業サプライチェーンを持つ企業がScope 3削減や炭素クレジット調達を検討する際のリスクと機会を理解する助けになる。

🏛政策担当者:農業炭素市場の規制枠組み設計やMRV標準化、小規模農家包摂策を検討する上での論点を提供する。

📄 Abstract（原文）

Carbon markets are becoming an important tool for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture and they are particularly relevant for India, which is both the world’s third-largest GHG emitter and a major agricultural economy. This systematic review synthesises current evidence on the development, mechanisms and emerging trends of carbon markets in Indian agriculture, situating them within the wider global context. Following a Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA)-guided search of five databases (247 records identified, 62 studies retained), the review examines five closely connected areas: global and India-specific carbon market mechanisms; agronomic practices that enable market participation; major agricultural GHG sources and mitigation opportunities; soil health and carbon sequestration; and methodological, policy and inclusion gaps. The synthesis demonstrates that sustainable practices such as conservation agriculture, alternate wetting and drying (AWD) in rice systems, biochar application, precision nutrient management and agroforestry can reduce agricultural emissions while also improving soil fertility and carbon storage. Furthermore, emerging tools, including blockchain-based transparency systems and AI-enabled precision agriculture, can strengthen market credibility and make participation more accessible for smallholder farmers. However, agricultural carbon markets in India remain at an early stage and their growth is constrained by weak measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) systems, inadequate smallholder inclusion, concerns around additionality and the lack of a comprehensive domestic regulatory framework. Uncertainties around carbon permanence, leakage, transaction costs and market volatility further temper these prospects and warrant cautious interpretation of reported gains. This review identifies four priority areas for future work: standardising robust MRV systems, developing integrated impact models, designing inclusive market mechanisms and aligning carbon market policies with India’s broader agricultural, climate and livelihood commitments. Addressing these gaps will be essential for realising agriculture’s mitigation potential and supporting a low-carbon, climate-resilient agricultural future in India.

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