バイオ炭による作物残渣の価値化：野焼きに代わる選択肢—南アジアとパキスタンに焦点を当てた批判的ナラティブレビュー

Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.

🔬研究者:バイオ炭の炭素保持・土壌応答・LCAの条件依存性を整理した出発点として有用。

🏢実務担当者:農業サプライチェーンや残渣由来クレジットを検討する際、品質保証とLCA前提の確認に使える。

🏛政策担当者:野焼き規制とバイオ炭導入支援を設計する際、分散型キルンの排出・安全・コスト検証を条件とすべき根拠を提供。

Open-field burning remains a rapid and inexpensive way to clear crop residues, but it transfers biomass carbon and nutrients from agricultural fields to the atmosphere and contributes to particulate pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and soil degradation. This critical narrative review evaluates biochar production as one option within a wider portfolio of residue-management strategies, with global context and emphasis on South Asia and Pakistan. Sources published mainly from 2000 to June 2026 were purposively identified through Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, CAB Abstracts, and Google Scholar, as well as authoritative institutional literature. Evidence was selected for relevance to residue burning, alternative management, thermochemical conversion, biochar quality, soil response, life-cycle performance, economics, adoption and policy. The literature indicates that converting suitable surplus residues to biochar can retain a comparatively persistent fraction of biomass carbon and can improve selected soil properties, particularly when biochar characteristics match soil constraints and when nutrient management is integrated. Outcomes are nevertheless heterogeneous and depend on feedstock, process temperature, residence time, soil texture and pH, application rate, ageing and co-application of nutrients. Biochar is not universally superior to incorporation, mulching, composting, animal feed, anaerobic digestion, baling or direct seeding. Its net benefit also depends on collection and transport, kiln emissions, char yield and quality, stable-carbon fraction, co-product use, competing residue demands and safeguards against contaminants and worker exposure. For Pakistan, decentralized systems may be relevant where residues are genuinely surplus, transport distances are short, and operators can control combustion and verify product quality; however, locally developed kilns require comparative assessments of emissions, safety, cost, and agronomic performance before recommendation. The strongest conclusion is therefore conditional: biochar can contribute to cleaner air, soil restoration and climate mitigation when embedded in location-specific residue planning, quality assurance and transparent life-cycle accounting.

• semanticscholar https://jkjagri.com/index.php/journal/article/download/426/425first seen 2026-09-12 05:52:16 · last seen 2026-09-22 05:19:42