Synergistic activation of coal bottom ash in a ternary GGBS– desulphurisation gypsum binder system: Microstructural evolution and phase assembly in high-water-content matrices

三元GGBS-脱硫石膏バインダー系における石炭ボトムアッシュの相乗的活性化：高含水マトリックスにおける微細構造進化と相組成 (AI 翻訳)

Elsaid Zahran, T. Fan, Juan Wang, Weizhuo Shi, Mingzhe Ran

Construction and Building Materials📚 査読済 / ジャーナル2026-05-16#その他Origin: CN

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.146708

原典: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.146708

🤖 gxceed AI 要約

日本語

本研究は、高含水廃土安定化のための低炭素バインダーとして、石炭ボトムアッシュ（CBA）、高炉スラグ（GGBS）、排ガス脱硫石膏（DG）を用いた三元系を検討。CBAの低反応性を克服するため、機械的粉砕とアルカリ・硫酸塩活性化を併用し、高含水マトリックス（80％含水率）で評価。最適活性材添加量30％で28日強度6.66 MPaを達成し、エトリンガイトとゲル生成による粒子結合・細孔充填効果を確認。クリンカーフリーでOPCに対する定性炭素優位性を示すが、長期耐久性と環境安全性は未検証。

English

This study investigates a low-carbon ternary binder system using coal bottom ash (CBA), GGBS, and desulphurisation gypsum (DG) for stabilizing high-water-content waste soil. Mechanical grinding and combined alkali-sulfate activation overcome CBA's low reactivity. Optimal activator dosage of 30% yields 28-day UCS of 6.66 MPa in an 80% moisture matrix. Ettringite and aluminosilicate/calcium gels provide particle bonding and pore filling. The clinker-free system offers a qualitative carbon advantage over OPC, though long-term durability and environmental safety remain unverified.

Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.

📝 gxceed 編集解説 — Why this matters

日本のGX文脈において

日本では石炭灰の有効利用とセメント代替によるCO2削減が課題であり、CBA活用は廃棄物削減と低炭素建設に寄与する可能性がある。本研究成果は、高含水地盤改良や流動化処理土への応用が期待されるが、日本の材料規格や長期性能評価が必要。

In the global GX context

Low-carbon binders are critical for global construction decarbonization. This ternary system reduces clinker use and valorizes coal ash, aligning with circular economy goals. The findings offer a potential alternative for soft soil stabilization, but field validation and life-cycle assessment are needed before scaling.

👥 読者別の含意

🔬研究者:Materials scientists can explore the synergistic activation mechanisms and optimize binder formulations for different waste soils.

🏢実務担当者:Construction firms can consider this binder for controlled low-strength fill materials, reducing carbon footprint of ground improvement.

🏛政策担当者:Regulators should support development of clinker-free binders and update standards for non-OPC materials in infrastructure.

📄 Abstract（原文）

The development of low-carbon alternatives to Portland cement is critical for sustainable construction, particularly for applications involving difficult high-water-content waste soils. This study investigates a ternary alkali-activated binder comprising Coal Bottom Ash (CBA), Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), and Flue Gas Desulphurisation Gypsum (DG) for the stabilisation of high-water-content excavated soil. While CBA is chemically similar to fly ash, its lower reactivity and coarser morphology have historically limited its application as a primary precursor. This research addresses these limitations through mechanical grinding, alkaline activation (NaOH + Na₂SiO₃), and sulphate activation via DG. The binder was evaluated within a siliceous, high-water-content matrix (80% moisture) to simulate a difficult dispersed system. Results indicate that while binary CBA–GGBS binders achieve moderate strength, the ternary CBA–GGBS–DG system performs better in the dispersed matrix, with DG promoting AFt formation. Together with low-Ca aluminosilicate and Ca-bearing gel products, AFt provides a combined mechanism of particle bonding and pore filling. The study identifies an optimal activator dosage of 30%, yielding 28-day UCS values of 4.13 MPa (30% precursor) and 6.66 MPa (40% precursor). XRD and SEM/EDS support the coexistence of aluminosilicate- and calcium-bearing reaction products and show that excessive alkalinity (>50%) leads to microstructural degradation. These findings indicate that CBA–GGBS–DG ternary systems have potential as low-carbon binder systems for controlled low-strength fill materials, while long-term durability and environmental safety remain to be verified. • Ternary CBA-GGBS-DG binder activates low-reactivity coal bottom ash. • DG-driven ettringite fills pores in wet soil but damages dense paste. • Optimal 30% activator dosage yields 6.66 MPa UCS at 28 days. • Hybrid N-A-S-H and C-(A)-S-H gels confirmed by SEM-EDS analysis. • Clinker-free binder system offers qualitative carbon advantage vs OPC.

🔗 Provenance — このレコードを発見したソース

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