エネルギー転換における経済的手法

Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.

🔬研究者:経済的手法の設計と行動マージンを結ぶ分析枠組みを、政策ミックス研究の整理に活用できる。

🏢実務担当者:炭素価格・入札・収益安定化契約が投資判断や調達コストに与える影響を見極める材料になる。

🏛政策担当者:歳入再循環・補償・透明性を含む政策ミックスの設計と順序づけ、政治的持続性の条件を検討できる。

This chapter explains how economic instruments in energy policy steer behaviour by changing relative prices, liabilities, and rewards rather than prescribing a single technology. It develops a design-oriented framework that connects instrument choice to the behavioural margins that determine decarbonisation: short-run operation, long-run investment, innovation, and demand-side flexibility. This chapter sets out theoretical foundations and a practical typology, covering carbon and energy taxes, emissions trading, investment and innovation support, competitive auctions, contracts that stabilise revenues, and market-based demand-side tools such as dynamic tariffs and efficiency obligations. It then examines what these instruments do in practice across power, industry, buildings, and transport, and why performance depends on institutional capacity, policy interactions, and expectations about future stringency. This chapter highlights recurrent trade-offs involving effectiveness, affordability, competitiveness, and fairness and shows how revenue recycling, compensation, and transparency shape political durability. Readers gain criteria for selecting and sequencing instruments, anticipating side effects, and designing policy mixes that remain credible under uncertainty and shocks. Economic instruments are policy tools that steer behaviour by altering relative prices, liabilities, or rewards rather than prescribing a single technology. In energy policy, they are used to internalise environmental damages, mobilise revenues, and reduce investment risk across power, industry, buildings, and transport. Because the energy transition depends on millions of decentralised operational and investment decisions, the core analytical question is whether these instruments translate public objectives into credible incentives that deliver emissions reductions without destabilising affordability, security of supply, or legitimacy. Economic instruments also sit within sustainable development agendas that seek to reconcile environmental protection with prosperity and social inclusion, making distributional and regional impacts part of policy design rather than residual side effects. This chapter develops a design-oriented account of economic instruments in energy policy. Section 2.1 sets out theoretical foundations and a typology; Section 2.2 analyses the roles these instruments play in the energy transition in comparative perspective; Section 2.3 examines recurrent design challenges and trade-offs; Section 2.4 highlights governance and legitimacy conditions that shape durability.

• openalex https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003713784-3first seen 2026-09-13 04:49:39