Integrated sustainable energy conversion and storage: Biomass feedstocks, catalytic pathways, electrochemical systems, and hybrid renewable architectures

Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.

🔬研究者:Provides a structured overview of technology integration and identifies key research gaps for system-level optimization.

🏢実務担当者:Offers comparative techno-economic data (LCOE, efficiency ranges) useful for project planning and technology selection.

🏛政策担当者:Highlights trade-offs between biomass energy use and carbon sequestration, informing sustainable resource allocation.

The transition toward low-carbon energy systems requires not only efficient individual technologies but also their coherent integration across feedstock, conversion, storage, and system levels. This review presents a structured analysis of integrated sustainable energy conversion and storage systems, focusing on biomass feedstocks, catalytic pathways, electrochemical storage technologies, and hybrid renewable architectures. Literature published between 2015 and 2025 was critically evaluated using a targeted selection strategy to identify key performance trends, material limitations, and system-level bottlenecks. Quantitative comparisons indicate that biomass conversion efficiencies vary widely (30–75%) depending on lignin content and process conditions, while catalytic systems exhibit strong sensitivity to impurity levels and regeneration cycles. Among storage technologies, lithium–sulfur batteries demonstrate high theoretical energy densities (>400 Wh kg⁻1), but face stability and lifecycle challenges, whereas alternative systems such as sodium–sulfur and flow batteries offer advantages in cost and scalability. Techno-economic indicators reveal that biomass-based energy systems typically exhibit levelized costs of energy in the range of 0.08–0.15 USD kWh⁻1, while emerging storage technologies remain cost-sensitive due to material and system integration constraints. A key contribution of this work is the development of a multi-scale integration framework that connects resource characteristics, catalytic performance, storage behavior, and hybrid system design within a unified analytical structure. This framework highlights critical trade-offs, including the competition between biomass utilization for energy versus soil carbon sequestration and the water intensity of bio-hydrogen production (10–20 L kWh⁻1). The review identifies major research gaps in system-level optimization, economic assessment, and cross-domain integration, providing actionable directions for advancing sustainable and resilient energy infrastructures.

• openalex https://doi.org/10.59400/esc4267first seen 2026-06-17 04:42:30 · last seen 2026-06-17 07:07:06