GX & Decarbonization Research

Indrajit Sen

This paper introduces a carbon-aware supplier selection framework that optimizes the trade-off between cost, risk, and Scope 3 emissions using multi-objective optimization. It demonstrates how organizations can incorporate regulatory carbon…

No Ol Lim, Hyojin Cho, Song T. Lim +1

This study provides the first multi-scope regional assessment of carbon flows in South Korea, integrating Scope 1-3 emissions. It reveals stark asymmetries: industrial provinces face high direct exposure, while metropolitan regions have hig…

Ashraful Alam, Hafiz Usman Ghani, T. Räty +1

This study comprehensively assesses the life cycle GHG emissions of Finland's forest sector for 2023 using a Scope 1, 2, and 3 framework. Total emissions are approximately 8.35 Mt CO2e, with Scope 3 contributing 68%, primarily from organic …

Bo Liu, Kaixin Ma, Mingliang Liu +1

This study traces carbon emissions across the entire supply chain of China's construction industry, from upstream suppliers to final demand. Using input-output analysis, it identifies key emission sources and provides insights for decarboni…

S. Shoaib-ul-Hasan, Mohamed Rikaz Mohamed Ameer, Amal Valan Francis +14

This study quantifies Scope 3 Category 1 emissions (Purchased Goods and Services) for GKN Aerospace using the GHG Protocol. It compares mass-based and spend-based methods, finding spend-based overestimates by approximately a factor of three…

Hosang Shukla, Avni Sharma, Geetanjali Ashtekar +2

This study quantifies the monthly GHG emissions of an average household in Mumbai, India, using the Greenhouse Gas Protocol across Scope 1, 2, and 3. Through a detailed survey and emission factors, it identifies major emission sources and o…

Daniele Giordino, Martina Panero, Nourah O. Alshaghdali +1

This study examines the interrelationships among scope 2&3 emissions, financial performance, market value, and board sustainability using a panel of 437 European firms. Results show positive links between supply chain emissions and market v…

Kourosh Halat, S. Childe, Nick Golding +1

This study examines challenges faced by manufacturing SMEs in Scope 3 GHG assessment through UK case studies. It identifies persistent difficulties in data availability, estimation methods, and double-counting risks, and argues that qualita…

A. Phillpotts, Anne Owen, J. Norman +4

This paper proposes a scalable method to predict scope 3 emissions for small and medium enterprises (SMEs), aiming to complete their carbon profiles. It addresses data scarcity, enabling comprehensive carbon accounting for SMEs.

Zeqi Zhang, Yingjie Li, Danhui Lai +3

This paper addresses Scope 3 emissions accounting in energy supply chains using a physics-informed Leontief-GNN to impute missing firm-level emissions and integrate into a supplier selection framework. It outperforms baselines on a syntheti…

Zeyu Wang, Klaus Hubacek, Xin Sun +1

This review examines current Scope 3 accounting methods and data availability, highlighting inconsistencies, data transparency issues, and sectoral biases (Energy, IT). It identifies problems like missing inter-enterprise trade data and dou…

Vasudevan Kidambi, J. Kannan, Nadiya Parekh +2

This study develops a Scope 3 Integrity Framework with five lenses (boundary coverage, methodology transparency, governance accountability, supplier engagement, and assurance-based communication) to evaluate disclosure quality beyond compli…

K. Salonitis, John Patsavellas, Cristina Garcia Llubia

This paper presents a calculation tool for assessing scope 3 transportation emissions in manufacturing, offering a practical method to quantify and reduce emissions for sustainable manufacturing.

Ajay S. Jadhav, Shiva Abdoli

Addressing data scarcity in Scope 3 measurement, this paper proposes a machine learning framework integrating CPC, ISIC, and NAICS classifications. Using supply chain emission factors as target, Gradient Boosting Decision Trees achieved R² …

A. Smidt-Jensen, Trine Boje Røgild, Tom Cohen +6

This study presents a novel approach to producing carbon-negative food colorants by integrating phycocyanin extraction from Spirulina with residual biomass application as a biostimulant for soil organic carbon sequestration. Life cycle asse…

Vimal K. E. K., K. Sivakumar, Jayakrishna Kandasamy +3

This paper identifies 11 interdependent strategies for achieving carbon neutrality in manufacturing supply chains, grouped into six hierarchical levels. Key strategies include policy development, carbon accounting, collaborative learning, r…

Amintas Brandão, SARAH Klopatek, Lisa Rausch +4

This paper presents a new corporate accounting methodology for calculating supply chain deforestation emissions in Brazil's meatpacking sector. It enables accurate Scope 3 reporting and deforestation risk assessment, serving as a potential …

Kübra Tümay Ateş, Gamze Arslan, Özge Demirdelen +1

This study develops a comprehensive GHG inventory for a plastic injection molding plant in Turkey, covering all categories (1-6) per ISO 14064-1:2019. Total emissions are 3,922.75 tCO2e, with purchased raw materials and end-of-life stages a…

Sudhir Yadav, Eve McDonald-Madden, Justine Bell-James

This Perspective argues that net-zero strategies assessed solely through territorial carbon accounts can shift environmental burdens onto biodiversity, water, land, and communities via trade, supply chains, and offsets. It proposes a broade…

Shiwen Zhuang, Yeqi Huang, Annie Hill +1

To support the Scotch whisky industry's net-zero target, a user-friendly carbon footprint calculator for single malt whisky production was developed. It covers distillery, maturation warehouse, and bottling hall, accounting for Scope 1, 2, …