GX & Decarbonization Research

Son Nguyen

This paper critiques existing governance models in Southeast Asian semiconductor clusters for prioritizing competitiveness over climate objectives. It proposes three innovations—Cluster Climate Compacts, Climate-Aligned PPPs, and Polycentri…

Pilar Acosta, M. Knudsen

This study examines how 25 global firms engage suppliers to reduce Scope 3 emissions, identifying five mechanisms: codes of conduct, financial instruments, digital platforms, supplier training, and co-innovation. It assesses implementation …

Muhammad Ikram

This study proposes the Net Zero Circular Value Chain Model (NZCVCM), integrating circular economy (CE) with net-zero carbon goals. Based on the 10R classification, it identifies opportunities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in each reso…

Cristina Angelico, Enrico Bernardini

This paper finds significant limitations in emissions data for euro area banks from four providers: gaps, inconsistencies, and high volatility in scope 3 emissions. It tests three GenAI tools and finds that GenAI-based data correlates with …

Zeyu Wang, Klaus Hubacek, Xin Sun +1

This review examines current Scope 3 accounting methods and data availability, highlighting inconsistencies, data transparency issues, and sectoral biases (Energy, IT). It identifies problems like missing inter-enterprise trade data and dou…

Amintas Brandão, SARAH Klopatek, Lisa Rausch +4

This paper presents a new corporate accounting methodology for calculating supply chain deforestation emissions in Brazil's meatpacking sector. It enables accurate Scope 3 reporting and deforestation risk assessment, serving as a potential …

Kübra Tümay Ateş, Gamze Arslan, Özge Demirdelen +1

This study develops a comprehensive GHG inventory for a plastic injection molding plant in Turkey, covering all categories (1-6) per ISO 14064-1:2019. Total emissions are 3,922.75 tCO2e, with purchased raw materials and end-of-life stages a…

Sudhir Yadav, Eve McDonald-Madden, Justine Bell-James

This Perspective argues that net-zero strategies assessed solely through territorial carbon accounts can shift environmental burdens onto biodiversity, water, land, and communities via trade, supply chains, and offsets. It proposes a broade…

José Antônio Puppim de Oliveira, Peter Wanke, Jorge Antunes +1

This study proposes a Two-Dimensional Fuzzy-Monte Carlo (2DFMC) framework to address uncertainty and vagueness in Scope 3 emissions data. By integrating Monte Carlo simulations with Type-2 Fuzzy Sets and testing on Brazilian GHG Protocol da…

Manjeevan Seera, Ravichandran K. Subramaniam, Shyamala Dhoraisingam Samuel

This study uses machine learning to analyze how collaboration with government agencies affects ESG performance and carbon penalties among Fortune 500 firms. It finds that Scope 3 emissions dominate carbon footprints and that active governme…

Viraj P. Tathavadekar, null Nitin R. Mahankale

This paper proposes a digital twin architecture to enhance Scope 3 emission transparency in supply networks. It presents a four-stage framework (data acquisition, virtual modeling, real-time monitoring, predictive optimization) and analyzes…

Lakshmi Srinivasan, Fu Zhao

This study quantifies Scope 1, 2, and 3 GHG emissions for an industrial gas carburizing process using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Analyzing a 9-hour carburizing cycle, it finds natural gas combustion contributes 76% of emissions, followed …

Helmig, Daniel

This doctoral dissertation quantitatively examines factors influencing net-zero GHG emissions in supply chains of German discrete manufacturing companies by 2040, focusing on Scope 3. A survey of 248 firms reveals negative correlations betw…

Miriam Borchardt, Giancarlo Pereira, Gabriel Milan +4

This systematic literature review examines how sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) literature addresses Scope 3 emissions. Analyzing 61 papers, it finds most focus on assessment and estimation, followed by reporting. Key challenges i…

Antonini, Stefano, Grisolia, Giulia, Blengini, Giovanni Andrea

This paper analyzes the decarbonization progress of the mining and metals industry based on public documents from 20 major companies. It finds that while renewable energy deployment drives short-term emission reductions, long-term targets r…

Kumar B, Sugantha, H. R, Swapna, Rathi, Dr. Renu +1

This paper reviews strategies to reduce carbon footprints in global supply chains, focusing on Scope 3 indirect emissions. It analyzes approaches such as sustainable sourcing, logistics optimization, circular economy, energy-efficient produ…

Astrid B. Nicolajsen, Anders Bjørn, Tim C. McAloone +1

This study analyzes the decarbonization strategies of six Danish early adopters of SBTs, finding a primary focus on Scope 1 and 2 emissions with limited efforts on Scope 3 in the early years. Gaps between required reductions and reported im…

Holly Lahd

This paper critically examines two corporate climate strategies—renewable energy PPAs and supplier engagement—against GHG Protocol standards and implementation realities. PPAs succeed due to clear accounting recognition and minimal business…

Pietro De Giovanni

This paper formalizes Scope 4 (avoided emissions) as the fourth pillar of corporate climate accounting and proposes a quantification method using a stadium decarbonization plan. It shows how cumulative Scope 4 impacts complement Scope 1-3 r…