GX & Decarbonization Research

Vasudevan Kidambi, J. Kannan, Nadiya Parekh +2

This study develops a Scope 3 Integrity Framework with five lenses (boundary coverage, methodology transparency, governance accountability, supplier engagement, and assurance-based communication) to evaluate disclosure quality beyond compli…

K. Salonitis, John Patsavellas, Cristina Garcia Llubia

This paper presents a calculation tool for assessing scope 3 transportation emissions in manufacturing, offering a practical method to quantify and reduce emissions for sustainable manufacturing.

Ajay S. Jadhav, Shiva Abdoli

Addressing data scarcity in Scope 3 measurement, this paper proposes a machine learning framework integrating CPC, ISIC, and NAICS classifications. Using supply chain emission factors as target, Gradient Boosting Decision Trees achieved R² …

A. Smidt-Jensen, Trine Boje Røgild, Tom Cohen +6

This study presents a novel approach to producing carbon-negative food colorants by integrating phycocyanin extraction from Spirulina with residual biomass application as a biostimulant for soil organic carbon sequestration. Life cycle asse…

Vimal K. E. K., K. Sivakumar, Jayakrishna Kandasamy +3

This paper identifies 11 interdependent strategies for achieving carbon neutrality in manufacturing supply chains, grouped into six hierarchical levels. Key strategies include policy development, carbon accounting, collaborative learning, r…

Amintas Brandão, SARAH Klopatek, Lisa Rausch +4

This paper presents a new corporate accounting methodology for calculating supply chain deforestation emissions in Brazil's meatpacking sector. It enables accurate Scope 3 reporting and deforestation risk assessment, serving as a potential …

Kübra Tümay Ateş, Gamze Arslan, Özge Demirdelen +1

This study develops a comprehensive GHG inventory for a plastic injection molding plant in Turkey, covering all categories (1-6) per ISO 14064-1:2019. Total emissions are 3,922.75 tCO2e, with purchased raw materials and end-of-life stages a…

Sudhir Yadav, Eve McDonald-Madden, Justine Bell-James

This Perspective argues that net-zero strategies assessed solely through territorial carbon accounts can shift environmental burdens onto biodiversity, water, land, and communities via trade, supply chains, and offsets. It proposes a broade…

Shiwen Zhuang, Yeqi Huang, Annie Hill +1

To support the Scotch whisky industry's net-zero target, a user-friendly carbon footprint calculator for single malt whisky production was developed. It covers distillery, maturation warehouse, and bottling hall, accounting for Scope 1, 2, …

José Antônio Puppim de Oliveira, Peter Wanke, Jorge Antunes +1

This study proposes a Two-Dimensional Fuzzy-Monte Carlo (2DFMC) framework to address uncertainty and vagueness in Scope 3 emissions data. By integrating Monte Carlo simulations with Type-2 Fuzzy Sets and testing on Brazilian GHG Protocol da…

Manjeevan Seera, Ravichandran K. Subramaniam, Shyamala Dhoraisingam Samuel

This study uses machine learning to analyze how collaboration with government agencies affects ESG performance and carbon penalties among Fortune 500 firms. It finds that Scope 3 emissions dominate carbon footprints and that active governme…

Viraj P. Tathavadekar, null Nitin R. Mahankale

This paper proposes a digital twin architecture to enhance Scope 3 emission transparency in supply networks. It presents a four-stage framework (data acquisition, virtual modeling, real-time monitoring, predictive optimization) and analyzes…

Lakshmi Srinivasan, Fu Zhao

This study quantifies Scope 1, 2, and 3 GHG emissions for an industrial gas carburizing process using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Analyzing a 9-hour carburizing cycle, it finds natural gas combustion contributes 76% of emissions, followed …

Anna M. Jett, Venkat Kothandaraman, Esther Bobbin +3

This study quantifies greenhouse gas emissions of a US outpatient orthopedic center using the GHG Protocol. Total emissions were 11,049 MTCO2e, with 81% from Scope 3, of which 52% came from patient transportation. It highlights the importan…

Helmig, Daniel

This doctoral dissertation quantitatively examines factors influencing net-zero GHG emissions in supply chains of German discrete manufacturing companies by 2040, focusing on Scope 3. A survey of 248 firms reveals negative correlations betw…

Miriam Borchardt, Giancarlo Pereira, Gabriel Milan +4

This systematic literature review examines how sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) literature addresses Scope 3 emissions. Analyzing 61 papers, it finds most focus on assessment and estimation, followed by reporting. Key challenges i…

Antonini, Stefano, Grisolia, Giulia, Blengini, Giovanni Andrea

This paper analyzes the decarbonization progress of the mining and metals industry based on public documents from 20 major companies. It finds that while renewable energy deployment drives short-term emission reductions, long-term targets r…

Kumar B, Sugantha, H. R, Swapna, Rathi, Dr. Renu +1

This paper reviews strategies to reduce carbon footprints in global supply chains, focusing on Scope 3 indirect emissions. It analyzes approaches such as sustainable sourcing, logistics optimization, circular economy, energy-efficient produ…

Astrid B. Nicolajsen, Anders Bjørn, Tim C. McAloone +1

This study analyzes the decarbonization strategies of six Danish early adopters of SBTs, finding a primary focus on Scope 1 and 2 emissions with limited efforts on Scope 3 in the early years. Gaps between required reductions and reported im…

Holly Lahd

This paper critically examines two corporate climate strategies—renewable energy PPAs and supplier engagement—against GHG Protocol standards and implementation realities. PPAs succeed due to clear accounting recognition and minimal business…