GX & Decarbonization Research

Dr. Kalpana Mahesh Patil, Heten Mahesh Patil

This paper presents an AI framework integrating LayoutLMv3, ClimateBERT, and XGBoost to tackle ESG reporting fragmentation and greenwashing. Evaluated on 139 corporate reports, it achieves 95% CO2 extraction precision, 20% completeness impr…

Freddie Daley, Marcel Llavero-Pasquina

This paper reviews 48 projects labeled as 'low carbon' and finds that they inadvertently perpetuate the fossil fuel problem. The authors argue that such projects can serve as greenwashing and delay genuine decarbonization.

Lydia Nyongesa, Christine Osinde, Brian Wakasala

This paper examines whether institutional investors' AI monitoring capability causes East African commercial banks to disclose ESG information more granularly. Using hand-coded ESG disclosure data from 31 banks and surveys of 418 investors,…

Hoang Van Thang, LUONG THI NHU QUYNH

This study develops a Carbon-Adjusted Housing Purchase Value Index (CAHPVI) to evaluate green premiums against long-term energy savings and carbon benefits. Analyzing 30 apartment projects (15 green, 15 conventional), green projects scored …

Xing Bao, Xi Zhang

This study finds that climate risk significantly increases corporate green innovation bubbles (decoupling between patent quantity and quality) among Chinese listed firms. The effect is driven by increased green investor attention, ESG ratin…

Michal Wilczopolski

This paper argues that the implementation gap between SFDR and CSRD is a three-dimensional structural defect (temporal, structural, conceptual) exposing fund managers to greenwashing liability via four legal pathways. Based on empirical ana…

Tao Wang, Yucong Yan, Chen Chen +1

This study uses data from China's 12369 environmental complaint platform to examine whether public environmental supervision reduces corporate greenwashing. It finds a significant inhibitory effect, reinforced by formal government regulatio…

Maria J. Nieto, C. Papathanassiou

This paper examines the EU corporate sustainability disclosure framework, including the Taxonomy, as a tool to combat greenwashing, with a focus on banks. It argues that credible implementation with penalties is crucial for effectiveness an…

Jing Yang, Yalin Jiang, Wei Cai +2

This paper analyzes how foreign institutional investors influence corporate greenwashing in China. It provides empirical evidence on the role of investor monitoring and pressure on the credibility of environmental disclosures.

Jilong Chen, Yikai Han, Yating Li +2

This paper uses Chinese A-share listed firm data from 2009-2022 to show that higher climate risk significantly increases corporate greenwashing. Mechanisms include higher cost of equity capital, weakened supply chain stability, intensified …

Xiaohong Wang, Jiyang Zhao, Huajun Liu

Using a difference-in-differences approach with 7,395 observations from Chinese listed firms (2015-2023), this study finds that a finance and accounting supervision pilot policy significantly reduces corporate greenwashing. The effect opera…

Fukai Wang, Wei Zhou, Zhen Zhang

This study maps the intellectual structure and contextual heterogeneity of corporate greenwashing research via bibliometric analysis of 818 publications (2000-2025). It reveals a shift from ethical/reputational debates to empirical investig…

N. Braun, Keane Ong, Rui Mao +2

This paper proposes a parameter-efficient framework for detecting greenwashing in sustainability reports. It combines contrastive learning with ordinal ranking to structure LLM latent spaces, uses gated feature modulation to filter disclosu…

Chinonso Victor Anidiobi

This policy brief analyzes five years of sustainability reports from three major Nigerian banks, revealing a gap between ESG rhetoric and quantitative, verifiable data. Using a novel ESG Salience Index, it identifies an 'Invisibility Proble…

Haozhe Song, Gunnar Rimmel

This paper uses international data to examine how lenders perceive heterogeneity in voluntary assurance of sustainability reports. Assurance reduces debt costs only for firms with above-average sustainability performance, penalizing greenwa…

Bernard Wilson, Godiya Mallum Shallangwa, Samson Lamela Mela

This study develops an AI framework to detect greenwashing in UK ESG and green finance projects, using NLP (BERT, ClimateBERT) and machine learning (XGBoost, Random Forest) on 487 firms' sustainability reports (2018-2024). It achieves 86.34…

Umberto Nizza

This paper investigates the opacity and vagueness of environmental claims in non-financial disclosures of major European banks. Using NLP, it identifies widespread use of unverifiable ESG statements that may violate EU law, particularly und…

Prosper Mutswiri, Limkile Mpofu, Zamokuhle Mbandlwa

This integrative review examines ESG deficiencies and greenwashing in Sub-Saharan African corporations. It finds that regulatory gaps, voluntary compliance, and self-reporting enable greenwashing, and calls for stronger ESG legislation, ind…

Yucheng Li

This paper examines ESG greenwashing and the 'black box' phenomenon in financial reporting and investment decisions. Through case studies of BP and H&M, it reveals significant discrepancies between ESG ratings and actual corporate disclosur…

Zuhairah Abdul Hadi, Wan Sallha Yusoff, Juraini Zainol Abidin

This systematic literature review examines greenwashing, greenhushing, and greenwishing in corporate sustainability reporting. Using PRISMA, it analyzes 24 studies and identifies three clusters: governance/institutions, markets/stakeholders…